Ignore --wrap=character when output is not interactive

unless it was explicitly provided on the command line as opposed to in a config file / BAT_OPTS env var
Merge pull request #3655 from claw-explorer/docs/fish-abbr-removal
2026-08-04 19:01:44 +00:00 · 2026-03-31 22:51:47 +03:00 · 2026-03-28 22:44:07 +02:00 · 2026-03-28 16:34:28 -04:00 · 2026-03-26 12:21:56 -04:00 · 2026-03-25 22:01:52 +02:00
48 changed files with 2555 additions and 199 deletions
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+use flake
@@ -161,12 +161,12 @@ jobs:
      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
        job:
-          - { target: aarch64-unknown-linux-musl  , os: ubuntu-latest , dpkg_arch: arm64,            use-cross: true }
+          - { target: aarch64-unknown-linux-musl  , os: ubuntu-latest , dpkg_arch: musl-linux-arm64, use-cross: true }
          - { target: aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu   , os: ubuntu-latest , dpkg_arch: arm64,            use-cross: true }
          - { target: arm-unknown-linux-gnueabihf , os: ubuntu-latest , dpkg_arch: armhf,            use-cross: true }
          - { target: arm-unknown-linux-musleabihf, os: ubuntu-latest , dpkg_arch: musl-linux-armhf, use-cross: true }
          - { target: i686-pc-windows-msvc        , os: windows-2025  ,                                              }
-          - { target: i686-unknown-linux-gnu      , os: ubuntu-latest , dpkg_arch: i686,             use-cross: true }
+          - { target: i686-unknown-linux-gnu      , os: ubuntu-latest , dpkg_arch: i386,             use-cross: true }
          - { target: i686-unknown-linux-musl     , os: ubuntu-latest , dpkg_arch: musl-linux-i686,  use-cross: true }
          - { target: x86_64-apple-darwin         , os: macos-15-intel,                                              }
          - { target: aarch64-apple-darwin        , os: macos-latest  ,                                              }
@@ -195,9 +195,7 @@ jobs:

    - name: Install cross
      if: matrix.job.use-cross
-      uses: taiki-e/install-action@v2
-      with:
-        tool: cross
+      run: cargo install cross --git https://github.com/cross-rs/cross --rev 588b3c99db52b5a9c5906fab96cfadcf1bde7863

    - name: Overwrite build command env variable
      if: matrix.job.use-cross
@@ -335,7 +333,7 @@ jobs:

        DPKG_BASENAME=${{ needs.crate_metadata.outputs.name }}
        DPKG_CONFLICTS=${{ needs.crate_metadata.outputs.name }}-musl
-        case ${{ matrix.job.target }} in *-musl) DPKG_BASENAME=${{ needs.crate_metadata.outputs.name }}-musl ; DPKG_CONFLICTS=${{ needs.crate_metadata.outputs.name }} ;; esac;
+        case ${{ matrix.job.target }} in *-musl*) DPKG_BASENAME=${{ needs.crate_metadata.outputs.name }}-musl ; DPKG_CONFLICTS=${{ needs.crate_metadata.outputs.name }} ;; esac;
        DPKG_VERSION=${{ needs.crate_metadata.outputs.version }}
        DPKG_ARCH="${{ matrix.job.dpkg_arch }}"
        DPKG_NAME="${DPKG_BASENAME}_${DPKG_VERSION}_${DPKG_ARCH}.deb"
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+.direnv/
 /target/
 **/*.rs.bk

@@ -12,3 +13,5 @@
 /assets/completions/bat.zsh
 /assets/manual/bat.1
 /assets/metadata.yaml
+
+
@@ -278,3 +278,6 @@
 [submodule "assets/syntaxes/02_Extra/Gomod"]
 	path = assets/syntaxes/02_Extra/Gomod
 	url = https://github.com/mitranim/sublime-gomod
+[submodule "assets/syntaxes/02_Extra/COBOL"]
+	path = assets/syntaxes/02_Extra/COBOL
+	url = https://github.com/adukhan99/sublime_cobol.git
@@ -1,22 +1,52 @@
 # unreleased

- Fixed bug caused by using `--plain` and `--terminal-width=N` flags simultaneously, see #3529 (@H4k1l)
+
+## Other
+
+- Add instructions for removing fish help abbreviations to README, see #3655 (@claw-explorer). Closes #3536

 ## Features

+- Preserve `--diff` change markers and snip separators when `--plain` is set. Closes #3630, see #3643 (@mvanhorn)
+- Added support for `hidden_file_extensions` from `.sublime-syntax` files, see #3613 (@Matei02355)
+- Add word wrapping mode via `--wrap=word`, see #3597 (@veeceey)
+- Implement `--unbuffered` mode for streaming input, allowing partial lines to display immediately (e.g. `tail -f | bat -u`). Closes #3555, see #3583 (@mainnebula)
+- Added an initial `flake.nix` for a ready made development environment; see #3578 (@vorburger)
+- Add `--quiet-empty` (`-E`) flag to suppress output when input is empty. Closes #1936, see #3563 (@NORMAL-EX)
 - Improve native man pages and command help syntax highlighting by stripping overstriking, see #3517 (@akirk)
+- Add `--fallback-syntax`/`--fallback-language` to apply syntax highlighting only when auto-detection fails, see #1341 (@Xavrir)
+- Map `BUILD` case sensitively to Python (Starlark) for Bazel, see #3576 (@vorburger)

 ## Bugfixes
+- Fix i686 `.deb` package using incorrect architecture name (`i686` instead of `i386`), preventing installation on Debian. Closes #3611, see #3650 (@Sim-hu)
+- Fix inconsistent `.deb` MUSL package names (aarch64-musl used `arm64` instead of `musl-linux-arm64`, and `musleabihf` target missed `bat-musl` prefix). Closes #3482, see #3642 (@mvanhorn)
+- Fix incorrect text width computation when using `--binary=as-text` with non-printable characters in caret notation, see #3640 and #3631 (@eyupcanakman)
+- Fix `BAT_CONFIG_DIR` pointing at system config directory causing duplicate flag errors. Closes #3589, see #3620 (@Xavrir)
+- Fix syntax highlighting for symlinked files when the symlink name has no extension but the target does. Closes #1001, see #3621 (@Xavrir)
+- Report error when pager is missing instead of silently falling back, see #3588 (@IMaloney)
+- Fix `--wrap=never` and `-S` flags being ignored when piping to pager, see #3592 (@IMaloney)
+- Fix crash with BusyBox `less` on Windows, see #3527 (@Anchal-T)
+- Fix `bat cache --help` failing with 'unexpected argument' error, see #3580 and #3560 (@NORMAL-EX)
 - `--help` now correctly honors `--pager=builtin`. See #3516 (@keith-hall)
 - `--help` now correctly honors custom themes. See #3524 (@keith-hall)
 - Fixed test compatibility with future Cargo build directory changes, see #3550 (@nmacl)
+- Fixed bug caused by using `--plain` and `--terminal-width=N` flags simultaneously, see #3529 (@H4k1l)
+- Fixed syntax tests path, see #3610 (@foxfromworld)

 ## Other
+- Use git version of cross. See #3533 (@OctopusET)
+- Bump MSRV to 1.88, update `time` crate to 0.3.47 to fix RUSTSEC-2026-0009, see #3581 (@NORMAL-EX)
+- Allow home and end keys to be used with builtin pager, see #3651 (@keith-hall)
+- Builtin syntax mapping: cleanup matcher glob parsing logic #3652 (@cyqsimon)

 ## Syntaxes

 - Change the URL of Zig submodule from GitHub to Codeberg, see #3519 (@sorairolake)
 - Don't color strings inside CSV files, to make it easier to tell which column they belong to, see #3521 (@keith-hall)
+- Add syntax highlighting support for COBOL, see #3584 (@adukhan99)
+- Fixed manpage syntax so that ANSI escape codes don't get incorrectly highlighted and thus broken, see #3586 (@BlueElectivire)
+- Map several Google Cloud CLI config files to their appropriate syntax #3635 (@victor-gp)
+- Map all ignore dotfiles to Git Ignore syntax #3636 (@victor-gp)

 ## Themes

@@ -68,6 +68,8 @@ users, please read the corresponding
 [documentation](https://github.com/sharkdp/bat/blob/master/doc/assets.md)
 first.

+To map a file name pattern to an existing syntax, read [the documentation here](https://github.com/sharkdp/bat/blob/master/src/syntax_mapping/builtins/README.md).
+
 Note: We are currently not accepting new default themes.


@@ -91,3 +93,29 @@ To learn how to write regression tests for theme and syntax changes, read the
 [Syntax
 tests](https://github.com/sharkdp/bat/blob/master/doc/assets.md#syntax-tests)
 section in `assets.md`.
+
+### Ensuring bat is available for Syntax tests
+
+The syntax test script (`tests/syntax-tests/update.sh`) calls `bat` from your PATH and regenerates the highlighted output files under
+`tests/syntax-tests/highlighted/`. These files are used to verify that syntax highlighting works as expected.
+
+- If you only built the binaries with:
+  ```bash
+  cargo build --bins
+  ```
+
+  you need to add the debug build to your PATH from the bat project root before running the tests.
+  See also step 5 in [Syntax
+tests](https://github.com/sharkdp/bat/blob/master/doc/assets.md#syntax-tests) for related instructions.
+  ```bash
+  export PATH="$PATH:$(pwd)/target/debug"
+  ```
+  Otherwise, you will see:
+  ```bash
+  Error: Could not execute 'bat'. Please make sure that the executable is available on the PATH.
+  ```
+- If you installed bat with:
+  ```bash
+  cargo install --path . --locked
+  ```
+  then bat will be available in ~/.cargo/bin (usually already in PATH), and the tests will run without issues.
@@ -223,9 +223,9 @@ checksum = "ef657dfab802224e671f5818e9a4935f9b1957ed18e58292690cc39e7a4092a3"

 [[package]]
 name = "bytesize"
-version = "1.3.0"
+version = "2.3.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a3e368af43e418a04d52505cf3dbc23dda4e3407ae2fa99fd0e4f308ce546acc"
+checksum = "6bd91ee7b2422bcb158d90ef4d14f75ef67f340943fc4149891dcce8f8b972a3"

 [[package]]
 name = "cc"
@@ -252,18 +252,18 @@ checksum = "613afe47fcd5fac7ccf1db93babcb082c5994d996f20b8b159f2ad1658eb5724"

 [[package]]
 name = "clap"
-version = "4.5.46"
+version = "4.5.60"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2c5e4fcf9c21d2e544ca1ee9d8552de13019a42aa7dbf32747fa7aaf1df76e57"
+checksum = "2797f34da339ce31042b27d23607e051786132987f595b02ba4f6a6dffb7030a"
 dependencies = [
 "clap_builder",
 ]

 [[package]]
 name = "clap_builder"
-version = "4.5.46"
+version = "4.5.60"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "fecb53a0e6fcfb055f686001bc2e2592fa527efaf38dbe81a6a9563562e57d41"
+checksum = "24a241312cea5059b13574bb9b3861cabf758b879c15190b37b6d6fd63ab6876"
 dependencies = [
 "anstream",
 "anstyle",
@@ -274,9 +274,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "clap_lex"
-version = "0.7.4"
+version = "1.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f46ad14479a25103f283c0f10005961cf086d8dc42205bb44c46ac563475dca6"
+checksum = "3a822ea5bc7590f9d40f1ba12c0dc3c2760f3482c6984db1573ad11031420831"

 [[package]]
 name = "clircle"
@@ -440,9 +440,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "deranged"
-version = "0.3.11"
+version = "0.5.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b42b6fa04a440b495c8b04d0e71b707c585f83cb9cb28cf8cd0d976c315e31b4"
+checksum = "ececcb659e7ba858fb4f10388c250a7252eb0a27373f1a72b8748afdd248e587"
 dependencies = [
 "powerfmt",
 ]
@@ -658,9 +658,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "git2"
-version = "0.20.2"
+version = "0.20.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2deb07a133b1520dc1a5690e9bd08950108873d7ed5de38dcc74d3b5ebffa110"
+checksum = "7b88256088d75a56f8ecfa070513a775dd9107f6530ef14919dac831af9cfe2b"
 dependencies = [
 "bitflags",
 "libc",
@@ -861,9 +861,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "indexmap"
-version = "2.12.1"
+version = "2.13.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0ad4bb2b565bca0645f4d68c5c9af97fba094e9791da685bf83cb5f3ce74acf2"
+checksum = "7714e70437a7dc3ac8eb7e6f8df75fd8eb422675fc7678aff7364301092b1017"
 dependencies = [
 "equivalent",
 "hashbrown 0.16.1",
@@ -909,15 +909,15 @@ checksum = "bbd2bcb4c963f2ddae06a2efc7e9f3591312473c50c6685e1f298068316e66fe"

 [[package]]
 name = "libc"
-version = "0.2.175"
+version = "0.2.182"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6a82ae493e598baaea5209805c49bbf2ea7de956d50d7da0da1164f9c6d28543"
+checksum = "6800badb6cb2082ffd7b6a67e6125bb39f18782f793520caee8cb8846be06112"

 [[package]]
 name = "libgit2-sys"
-version = "0.18.2+1.9.1"
+version = "0.18.3+1.9.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1c42fe03df2bd3c53a3a9c7317ad91d80c81cd1fb0caec8d7cc4cd2bfa10c222"
+checksum = "c9b3acc4b91781bb0b3386669d325163746af5f6e4f73e6d2d630e09a35f3487"
 dependencies = [
 "cc",
 "libc",
@@ -1032,9 +1032,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "nix"
-version = "0.30.1"
+version = "0.31.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "74523f3a35e05aba87a1d978330aef40f67b0304ac79c1c00b294c9830543db6"
+checksum = "5d6d0705320c1e6ba1d912b5e37cf18071b6c2e9b7fa8215a1e8a7651966f5d3"
 dependencies = [
 "bitflags",
 "cfg-if",
@@ -1068,9 +1068,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "num-conv"
-version = "0.1.0"
+version = "0.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "51d515d32fb182ee37cda2ccdcb92950d6a3c2893aa280e540671c2cd0f3b1d9"
+checksum = "cf97ec579c3c42f953ef76dbf8d55ac91fb219dde70e49aa4a6b7d74e9919050"

 [[package]]
 name = "num-traits"
@@ -1217,9 +1217,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "proc-macro2"
-version = "1.0.103"
+version = "1.0.106"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5ee95bc4ef87b8d5ba32e8b7714ccc834865276eab0aed5c9958d00ec45f49e8"
+checksum = "8fd00f0bb2e90d81d1044c2b32617f68fcb9fa3bb7640c23e9c748e53fb30934"
 dependencies = [
 "unicode-ident",
 ]
@@ -1415,9 +1415,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "serde_with"
-version = "3.15.1"
+version = "3.17.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "aa66c845eee442168b2c8134fec70ac50dc20e760769c8ba0ad1319ca1959b04"
+checksum = "381b283ce7bc6b476d903296fb59d0d36633652b633b27f64db4fb46dcbfc3b9"
 dependencies = [
 "serde_core",
 "serde_with_macros",
@@ -1425,9 +1425,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "serde_with_macros"
-version = "3.15.1"
+version = "3.17.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b91a903660542fced4e99881aa481bdbaec1634568ee02e0b8bd57c64cb38955"
+checksum = "a6d4e30573c8cb306ed6ab1dca8423eec9a463ea0e155f45399455e0368b27e0"
 dependencies = [
 "darling",
 "proc-macro2",
@@ -1716,30 +1716,30 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "time"
-version = "0.3.37"
+version = "0.3.47"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "35e7868883861bd0e56d9ac6efcaaca0d6d5d82a2a7ec8209ff492c07cf37b21"
+checksum = "743bd48c283afc0388f9b8827b976905fb217ad9e647fae3a379a9283c4def2c"
 dependencies = [
 "deranged",
 "itoa",
 "num-conv",
 "powerfmt",
- "serde",
+ "serde_core",
 "time-core",
 "time-macros",
 ]

 [[package]]
 name = "time-core"
-version = "0.1.2"
+version = "0.1.8"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ef927ca75afb808a4d64dd374f00a2adf8d0fcff8e7b184af886c3c87ec4a3f3"
+checksum = "7694e1cfe791f8d31026952abf09c69ca6f6fa4e1a1229e18988f06a04a12dca"

 [[package]]
 name = "time-macros"
-version = "0.2.19"
+version = "0.2.27"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2834e6017e3e5e4b9834939793b282bc03b37a3336245fa820e35e233e2a85de"
+checksum = "2e70e4c5a0e0a8a4823ad65dfe1a6930e4f4d756dcd9dd7939022b5e8c501215"
 dependencies = [
 "num-conv",
 "time-core",
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ exclude = ["assets/syntaxes/*", "assets/themes/*"]
 build = "build/main.rs"
 edition = '2021'
 # You are free to bump MSRV as soon as a reason for bumping emerges.
-rust-version = "1.87"
+rust-version = "1.88"

 [features]
 default = ["application", "git"]
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ etcetera = { version = "0.11.0", optional = true }
 grep-cli = { version = "0.1.12", optional = true }
 regex = { version = "1.12.2", optional = true }
 walkdir = { version = "2.5", optional = true }
-bytesize = { version = "1.3.0" }
+bytesize = { version = "2.3.1" }
 encoding_rs = "0.8.35"
 execute = { version = "0.2.15", optional = true }
 terminal-colorsaurus = "1.0"
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ default-features = false
 features = ["parsing"]

 [dependencies.clap]
-version = "4.5.46"
+version = "4.5.60"
 optional = true
 features = ["wrap_help", "cargo"]

@@ -104,26 +104,26 @@ tempfile = "3.23.0"
 serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }

 [target.'cfg(unix)'.dev-dependencies]
-nix = { version = "0.30", default-features = false, features = ["term"] }
+nix = { version = "0.31", default-features = false, features = ["term"] }

 [build-dependencies]
 anyhow = "1.0.97"
-indexmap = { version = "2.8.0", features = ["serde"] }
+indexmap = { version = "2.13.0", features = ["serde"] }
 itertools = "0.14.0"
 once_cell = "1.20"
 prettyplease = "0.2.37"
-proc-macro2 = "1.0.103"
+proc-macro2 = "1.0.106"
 quote = "1.0.40"
 regex = "1.12.2"
 serde = "1.0"
 serde_derive = "1.0"
-serde_with = { version = "3.15.1", default-features = false, features = ["macros"] }
+serde_with = { version = "3.17.0", default-features = false, features = ["macros"] }
 syn = { version = "2.0.104", features = ["full"] }
 toml = { version = "0.9.8", features = ["preserve_order"] }
 walkdir = "2.5"

 [build-dependencies.clap]
-version = "4.5.46"
+version = "4.5.60"
 optional = true
 features = ["wrap_help", "cargo"]

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ languages:
 ### Git integration

 `bat` communicates with `git` to show modifications with respect to the index
-(see left side bar):
+(see left sidebar):

 ![Git integration example](https://i.imgur.com/2lSW4RE.png)

@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ bat main.cpp | xclip
 export MANPAGER="bat -plman"
 man 2 select
 ```
-(replace `bat` with `batcat` if you are on Debian or Ubuntu)
+(on some older Debian or Ubuntu releases, the executable is named `batcat` instead of `bat`)

 If you prefer to have this bundled in a new command, you can also use [`batman`](https://github.com/eth-p/bat-extras/blob/master/doc/batman.md).

@@ -246,6 +246,14 @@ abbr -a --position anywhere -- -h '-h | bat -plhelp'

 This way, you can keep on using `cp --help`, but get colorized help pages.

+> [!TIP]
+> To remove these abbreviations later, run:
+> ```fish
+> abbr -e -- --help
+> abbr -e -- -h
+> ```
+> The `--` before the abbreviation name is required because `--help` and `-h` start with dashes, which would otherwise be interpreted as flags to `abbr` itself.
+
 Be aware that in some cases, `-h` may not be a shorthand of `--help` (for example with `ls`). In cases where you need to use `-h` 
 as a command argument you can prepend `\` to the argument (eg. `ls \-h`) to escape the aliasing defined above. 

@@ -276,8 +284,8 @@ If your Ubuntu/Debian installation is new enough you can simply run:
 sudo apt install bat
 ```

-**Important**: If you install `bat` this way, please note that the executable may be installed as `batcat` instead of `bat` (due to [a name
-clash with another package](https://github.com/sharkdp/bat/issues/982)). You can set up a `bat -> batcat` symlink or alias to prevent any issues that may come up because of this and to be consistent with other distributions:
+**Important**: On some older Ubuntu/Debian releases, the executable is installed as `batcat` instead of `bat` (due to [a name
+clash with another package](https://github.com/sharkdp/bat/issues/982)). On newer releases, the executable is available as `bat`. If `bat --version` does not work after installation, try `batcat --version` instead. You can set up a `bat -> batcat` symlink or alias to prevent any issues that may come up because of this and to be consistent with other distributions:
 ``` bash
 mkdir -p ~/.local/bin
 ln -s /usr/bin/batcat ~/.local/bin/bat
@@ -581,7 +589,8 @@ syntax:

 This works very similar to how we add new syntax definitions.
 > [!NOTE]
-> Themes are stored in [`.tmTheme` files](https://www.sublimetext.com/docs/color_schemes_tmtheme.html).
+> Custom themes must be stored in [`.tmTheme` files](https://www.sublimetext.com/docs/color_schemes_tmtheme.html).
+> Newer `.sublime-color-scheme` files are currently not supported.

 First, create a folder with the new syntax highlighting themes:
 ```bash
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Register-ArgumentCompleter -Native -CommandName '{{PROJECT_EXECUTABLE}}' -Script
    $ArrayCompletion = @('bash', 'fish', 'zsh', 'ps1')
    $ArrayWhen       = @('auto', 'never', 'always')
    $ArrayYesNo      = @('never', 'always')
-    $ArrayWrap       = @('always', 'never', 'character')
+    $ArrayWrap       = @('always', 'never', 'character', 'word')
    $ArrayBinary     = @('no-printing', 'as-text')
    $ArrayPrint      = @('unicode', 'caret')

@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ Register-ArgumentCompleter -Native -CommandName '{{PROJECT_EXECUTABLE}}' -Script
            [CompletionResult]::new('--file-name'             , 'file-name'             , [CompletionResultType]::ParameterName, 'Specify the name to display for a file.')
            [CompletionResult]::new('--diff-context'          , 'diff-context'          , [CompletionResultType]::ParameterName, 'diff-context')
            [CompletionResult]::new('--tabs'                  , 'tabs'                  , [CompletionResultType]::ParameterName, 'Set the tab width to T spaces.')
-            [CompletionResult]::new('--wrap'                  , 'wrap'                  , [CompletionResultType]::ParameterName, 'Specify the text-wrapping mode (*auto*, character).')
+            [CompletionResult]::new('--wrap'                  , 'wrap'                  , [CompletionResultType]::ParameterName, 'Specify the text-wrapping mode (*auto*, never, character, word).')
            [CompletionResult]::new('--terminal-width'        , 'terminal-width'        , [CompletionResultType]::ParameterName, 'Explicitly set the width of the terminal instead of determining it automatically. If prefixed with ''+'' or ''-'', the value will be treated as an offset to the actual terminal width. See also: ''--wrap''.')
            [CompletionResult]::new('--color'                 , 'color'                 , [CompletionResultType]::ParameterName, 'When to use colors (*auto*, never, always).')
            [CompletionResult]::new('--italic-text'           , 'italic-text'           , [CompletionResultType]::ParameterName, 'Use italics in output (always, *never*)')
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ Register-ArgumentCompleter -Native -CommandName '{{PROJECT_EXECUTABLE}}' -Script
        #   [CompletionResult]::new('-L'                      , 'L'                     , [CompletionResultType]::ParameterName, 'Display all supported languages.')
            [CompletionResult]::new('--list-languages'        , 'list-languages'        , [CompletionResultType]::ParameterName, 'Display all supported languages.')
        #   [CompletionResult]::new('-u'                      , 'u'                     , [CompletionResultType]::ParameterName, 'u')
-            [CompletionResult]::new('--unbuffered'            , 'unbuffered'            , [CompletionResultType]::ParameterName, 'unbuffered')
+            [CompletionResult]::new('--unbuffered'            , 'unbuffered'            , [CompletionResultType]::ParameterName, 'Enable unbuffered input reading for streaming use cases')
            [CompletionResult]::new('--completion'            , 'completion'            , [CompletionResultType]::ParameterName, 'Show shell completion for a certain shell. [possible values: bash, fish, zsh, ps1]')
            [CompletionResult]::new('--no-config'             , 'no-config'             , [CompletionResultType]::ParameterName, 'Do not use the configuration file')
            [CompletionResult]::new('--no-custom-assets'      , 'no-custom-assets'      , [CompletionResultType]::ParameterName, 'Do not load custom assets')
@@ -186,6 +186,7 @@ Register-ArgumentCompleter -Native -CommandName '{{PROJECT_EXECUTABLE}}' -Script
            [CompletionResult]::new('--acknowledgements'      , 'acknowledgements'      , [CompletionResultType]::ParameterName, 'Show acknowledgements.')
            [CompletionResult]::new('--set-terminal-title'    , 'set-terminal-title'    , [CompletionResultType]::ParameterName, 'Sets terminal title to filenames when using a pager.')
            [CompletionResult]::new('--diagnostic'            , 'diagnostic'            , [CompletionResultType]::ParameterName, 'Show diagnostic information for bug reports.')
+            [CompletionResult]::new('--quiet-empty'           , 'quiet-empty'           , [CompletionResultType]::ParameterName, 'Do not produce any output when the input is empty.')
        #   [CompletionResult]::new('-h'                      , 'h'                     , [CompletionResultType]::ParameterName, 'Print this help message.')
            [CompletionResult]::new('--help'                  , 'help'                  , [CompletionResultType]::ParameterName, 'Print this help message.')
        #   [CompletionResult]::new('-V'                      , 'V'                     , [CompletionResultType]::ParameterName, 'Show version information.')
@@ -100,6 +100,7 @@ _bat() {
 	--lessopen | \
 	--no-paging | \
 	--diagnostic | \
+	--quiet-empty | \
 	--acknowledgements | \
 	-h | --help | \
 	-V | --version | \
@@ -116,7 +117,7 @@ _bat() {
 		return 0
 		;;
 	--wrap)
-		COMPREPLY=($(compgen -W "auto never character" -- "$cur"))
+		COMPREPLY=($(compgen -W "auto never character word" -- "$cur"))
 		return 0
 		;;
 	--binary)
@@ -189,8 +190,8 @@ _bat() {
 	$split && return 0

 	if [[ $cur == -* ]]; then
-		# --unbuffered excluded intentionally (no-op)
 		COMPREPLY=($(compgen -W "
+			--unbuffered
 			--show-all
 			--nonprintable-notation
 			--binary
@@ -227,6 +228,7 @@ _bat() {
 			--lessopen
 			--completion
 			--diagnostic
+			--quiet-empty
 			--acknowledgements
 			--set-terminal-title
 			--help
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ function __bat_no_excl_args
        -s V -l version \
        -l acknowledgements \
        -l config-dir -l config-file \
-        -l diagnostic \
+        -l diagnostic -l quiet-empty \
        -l list-languages -l list-themes
 end

@@ -118,6 +118,7 @@ set -l wrap_opts '
    auto\tdefault
    never\t
    character\t
+    word\t
 '

 # While --tabs theoretically takes any number, most people should be OK with these.
@@ -159,6 +160,7 @@ complete -c $bat -l config-file -f -d "Display location of configuration file" -
 complete -c $bat -l decorations -x -a "$decorations_opts" -d "When to use --style decorations" -n __bat_no_excl_args

 complete -c $bat -l diagnostic -d "Print diagnostic info for bug reports" -n __fish_is_first_arg
+complete -c $bat -l quiet-empty -d "Do not produce any output when the input is empty" -n __fish_is_first_arg

 complete -c $bat -s d -l diff -d "Only show lines with Git changes" -n __bat_no_excl_args

@@ -238,7 +240,7 @@ complete -c $bat -l theme-dark -x -a "(command $bat --list-themes | command cat)

 complete -c $bat -l theme-light -x -a "(command $bat --list-themes | command cat)" -d "Set the syntax highlighting theme for light backgrounds" -n __bat_no_excl_args

-complete -c $bat -s u -l unbuffered -d "This option exists for POSIX-compliance reasons" -n __bat_no_excl_args
+complete -c $bat -s u -l unbuffered -d "Enable unbuffered input reading for streaming use cases" -n __bat_no_excl_args

 complete -c $bat -s V -l version -f -d "Show version information" -n __fish_is_first_arg

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ _{{PROJECT_EXECUTABLE}}_main() {
        '(-d --diff)'--diff'[only show lines that have been added/removed/modified]'
        --diff-context='[specify lines of context around added/removed/modified lines when using `--diff`]:lines'
        --tabs='[set the tab width]:tab width [4]'
-        --wrap='[specify the text-wrapping mode]:mode [auto]:(auto never character)'
+        --wrap='[specify the text-wrapping mode]:mode [auto]:(auto never character word)'
        '!(--wrap)'{-S,--chop-long-lines}
        --terminal-width='[explicitly set the width of the terminal instead of determining it automatically]:width'
        '(-n --number --diff --diff-context)'{-n,--number}'[show line numbers]'
@@ -58,10 +58,11 @@ _{{PROJECT_EXECUTABLE}}_main() {
            default auto full plain changes header header-filename header-filesize grid rule numbers snip'
        \*{-r+,--line-range=}'[only print the specified line range]:start\:end'
        '(* -)'{-L,--list-languages}'[display all supported languages]'
-        '(-u --unbuffered)'--unbuffered'[this option exists for POSIX-compliance reasons]'
+        '(-u --unbuffered)'--unbuffered'[enable unbuffered input reading for streaming use cases]'
        --completion='[show shell completion for a certain shell]:shell:(bash fish zsh ps1)'
        --set-terminal-title'[sets terminal title to filenames when using a pager]'
        --diagnostic'[show diagnostic information for bug reports]'
+        --quiet-empty'[do not produce any output when the input is empty]'
        -P'[disable paging]'
        "--no-config[don't use the configuration file]"
        "--no-custom-assets[don't load custom assets]"
@@ -102,8 +102,10 @@ Set the tab width to T spaces. Use a width of 0 to pass tabs through directly
 .HP
 \fB\-\-wrap\fR <mode>
 .IP
-Specify the text\-wrapping mode (*auto*, never, character). The '\-\-terminal\-width' option
-can be used in addition to control the output width.
+Specify the text\-wrapping mode (*auto*, never, character, word). The '\-\-terminal\-width' option
+can be used in addition to control the output width. In \fBword\fR mode, lines are broken at
+whitespace boundaries. If a single word exceeds the terminal width, it falls back to
+character wrapping.
 .HP
 \fB\-S\fR, \fB\-\-chop\-long\-lines\fR
 .IP
@@ -263,8 +265,10 @@ Display a list of supported languages for syntax highlighting.
 .HP
 \fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-unbuffered\fR
 .IP
-This option exists for POSIX\-compliance reasons ('u' is for 'unbuffered'). The output is
-always unbuffered \- this option is simply ignored.
+Enable unbuffered input reading. When this flag is set, bat will display data as soon as it
+is available, without waiting for a complete line. This is useful for streaming use cases like
+\&'tail \-f logfile | bat \-u \-\-paging=never'. Note that line numbers are automatically disabled
+in unbuffered mode, and syntax highlighting may be imperfect on partial lines.
 .HP
 \fB\-\-no\-custom\-assets\fR
 .IP
@@ -282,6 +286,10 @@ Show bat's cache directory.
 .IP
 Show diagnostic information for bug reports.
 .HP
+\fB\-\-quiet\-empty\fR
+.IP
+Do not produce any output when the input is empty (e.g. an empty file or empty stdin). This is useful in scripts where silent behavior is preferred for empty input.
+.HP
 \fB\-\-acknowledgements\fR
 .IP
 Show acknowledgements.
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ scope: source.man
 variables:
  section_heading: '^(?!#)\S.*$'
  command_line_option: '(--?[A-Za-z0-9][_A-Za-z0-9-]*)'
+  ansi_escape_sequence: '\e\[[\?=]?(?:\d+;?)*[A-Za-z]'

 contexts:
  prototype:
@@ -69,7 +70,7 @@ contexts:
      escape: '(?={{section_heading}})'

  function-call:
-    - match: '\b([A-Za-z0-9_\-]+\.)?([A-Za-z0-9_\-]+)(\()([^)]*)(\))'
+    - match: '(?<!\e\[)(?:\b|\s)(?:{{ansi_escape_sequence}})?([A-Za-z0-9_\-]+\.)?([A-Za-z0-9_\-]+)(?:{{ansi_escape_sequence}})?(\()([^)]*)(\))'
      captures:
        1: entity.name.function.man
        2: entity.name.function.man
@@ -47,12 +47,49 @@ impl ToTokens for MappingTarget {
    }
 }

-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, DeserializeFromStr)]
+/// Helper type for deserializing a `Matcher` from either a plain string or a
+/// `{ glob = "...", case_sensitive = true }` struct.
+#[derive(Deserialize)]
+#[serde(untagged)]
+enum RawMatcher {
+    Simple(String),
+    Full {
+        glob: String,
+        case_sensitive: Option<bool>,
+    },
+}
+
+/// Whether a glob pattern should be matched case-sensitively or case-insensitively.
+///
+/// Mirrors the runtime `Case` type in `src/syntax_mapping.rs`.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+enum Case {
+    Sensitive,
+    Insensitive,
+}
+impl ToTokens for Case {
+    fn to_tokens(&self, tokens: &mut TokenStream) {
+        let t = match self {
+            Self::Sensitive => quote! { Case::Sensitive },
+            Self::Insensitive => quote! { Case::Insensitive },
+        };
+        tokens.append_all(t);
+    }
+}
+
 /// A single matcher.
 ///
 /// Codegen converts this into a `Lazy<Option<GlobMatcher>>`.
-struct Matcher(Vec<MatcherSegment>);
-/// Parse a matcher.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(try_from = "RawMatcher")]
+struct Matcher {
+    segments: Vec<MatcherSegment>,
+    /// Whether the glob pattern should be matched case-sensitively.
+    ///
+    /// Defaults to `Case::Insensitive` for backwards compatibility.
+    case: Case,
+}
+/// Parse the glob pattern of a matcher.
 ///
 /// Note that this implementation is rather strict: it will greedily interpret
 /// every valid environment variable replacement as such, then immediately
@@ -66,68 +103,95 @@ struct Matcher(Vec<MatcherSegment>);
 ///
 /// Revision history:
 /// - 2024-02-20: allow `{` and `}` (glob brace expansion)
-impl FromStr for Matcher {
-    type Err = anyhow::Error;
-    fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Err> {
-        use MatcherSegment as Seg;
-        static VAR_REGEX: Lazy<Regex> = Lazy::new(|| Regex::new(r"\$\{([\w\d_]+)\}").unwrap());
+fn parse_glob(s: &str) -> Result<Vec<MatcherSegment>, anyhow::Error> {
+    use MatcherSegment as Seg;
+    static VAR_REGEX: Lazy<Regex> = Lazy::new(|| Regex::new(r"\$\{([\w\d_]+)\}").unwrap());

-        let mut segments = vec![];
-        let mut text_start = 0;
-        for capture in VAR_REGEX.captures_iter(s) {
-            let match_0 = capture.get(0).unwrap();
+    let mut segments = vec![];
+    let mut text_start = 0;
+    for capture in VAR_REGEX.captures_iter(s) {
+        let match_0 = capture.get(0).unwrap();

-            // text before this var
-            let text_end = match_0.start();
-            segments.push(Seg::Text(s[text_start..text_end].into()));
-            text_start = match_0.end();
+        // text before this var
+        let text_end = match_0.start();
+        segments.push(Seg::Text(s[text_start..text_end].into()));
+        text_start = match_0.end();

-            // this var
-            segments.push(Seg::Env(capture.get(1).unwrap().as_str().into()));
+        // this var
+        segments.push(Seg::Env(capture.get(1).unwrap().as_str().into()));
+    }
+    // possible trailing text
+    segments.push(Seg::Text(s[text_start..].into()));
+
+    // cleanup empty text segments
+    let non_empty_segments = segments
+        .into_iter()
+        .filter(|seg| seg.text().map(|t| !t.is_empty()).unwrap_or(true))
+        .collect_vec();
+
+    // sanity check
+    if non_empty_segments
+        .windows(2)
+        .any(|segs| segs[0].is_text() && segs[1].is_text())
+    {
+        unreachable!("Parsed into consecutive text segments: {non_empty_segments:?}");
+    }
+
+    // guard empty case
+    if non_empty_segments.is_empty() {
+        bail!(r#"Parsed an empty matcher: "{s}""#);
+    }
+
+    // guard variable syntax leftover fragments
+    if non_empty_segments
+        .iter()
+        .filter_map(Seg::text)
+        .any(|t| t.contains('$'))
+    {
+        bail!(r#"Invalid matcher: "{s}""#);
+    }
+
+    Ok(non_empty_segments)
+}
+impl TryFrom<RawMatcher> for Matcher {
+    type Error = anyhow::Error;
+    fn try_from(raw: RawMatcher) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        const DEFAULT_CASE: Case = Case::Insensitive;
+        match &raw {
+            RawMatcher::Simple(s) => {
+                let segments = parse_glob(s)?;
+                Ok(Self {
+                    segments,
+                    case: DEFAULT_CASE,
+                })
+            }
+            RawMatcher::Full {
+                glob,
+                case_sensitive,
+            } => {
+                let segments = parse_glob(glob)?;
+                let case = match case_sensitive {
+                    None => DEFAULT_CASE,
+                    Some(false) => Case::Insensitive,
+                    Some(true) => Case::Sensitive,
+                };
+                Ok(Self { segments, case })
+            }
        }
-        // possible trailing text
-        segments.push(Seg::Text(s[text_start..].into()));
-
-        // cleanup empty text segments
-        let non_empty_segments = segments
-            .into_iter()
-            .filter(|seg| seg.text().map(|t| !t.is_empty()).unwrap_or(true))
-            .collect_vec();
-
-        // sanity check
-        if non_empty_segments
-            .windows(2)
-            .any(|segs| segs[0].is_text() && segs[1].is_text())
-        {
-            unreachable!("Parsed into consecutive text segments: {non_empty_segments:?}");
-        }
-
-        // guard empty case
-        if non_empty_segments.is_empty() {
-            bail!(r#"Parsed an empty matcher: "{s}""#);
-        }
-
-        // guard variable syntax leftover fragments
-        if non_empty_segments
-            .iter()
-            .filter_map(Seg::text)
-            .any(|t| t.contains('$'))
-        {
-            bail!(r#"Invalid matcher: "{s}""#);
-        }
-
-        Ok(Self(non_empty_segments))
    }
 }
 impl ToTokens for Matcher {
    fn to_tokens(&self, tokens: &mut TokenStream) {
-        let t = match self.0.as_slice() {
+        let case = &self.case;
+        let t = match self.segments.as_slice() {
            [] => unreachable!("0-length matcher should never be created"),
            [MatcherSegment::Text(text)] => {
-                quote! { Lazy::new(|| Some(build_matcher_fixed(#text))) }
+                quote! { Lazy::new(|| Some(build_matcher_fixed(#text, #case))) }
            }
            // parser logic ensures that this case can only happen when there are dynamic segments
-            segs @ [_, ..] => quote! { Lazy::new(|| build_matcher_dynamic(&[ #(#segs),* ])) },
+            segs @ [_, ..] => {
+                quote! { Lazy::new(|| build_matcher_dynamic(&[ #(#segs),* ], #case)) }
+            }
        };
        tokens.append_all(t);
    }
@@ -175,6 +239,7 @@ impl MatcherSegment {
 /// A struct that models a single .toml file in /src/syntax_mapping/builtins/.
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Deserialize)]
 struct MappingDefModel {
+    #[serde(default)]
    mappings: IndexMap<MappingTarget, Vec<Matcher>>,
 }
 impl MappingDefModel {
@@ -37,6 +37,13 @@ Options:
          name (like 'C++' or 'LaTeX') or possible file extension (like 'cpp', 'hpp' or 'md'). Use
          '--list-languages' to show all supported language names and file extensions.

+      --fallback-syntax <fallback-syntax>
+          Set a fallback language for syntax highlighting when auto-detection fails. Unlike
+          '--language', this is only used when no syntax could be detected from filename, custom
+          syntax mappings, or first-line detection.
+          
+          [aliases: --fallback-language]
+
  -H, --highlight-line <N:M>
          Highlight the specified line ranges with a different background color For example:
            '--highlight-line 40' highlights line 40
@@ -61,8 +68,8 @@ Options:
          Set the tab width to T spaces. Use a width of 0 to pass tabs through directly

      --wrap <mode>
-          Specify the text-wrapping mode (*auto*, never, character). The '--terminal-width' option
-          can be used in addition to control the output width.
+          Specify the text-wrapping mode (*auto*, never, character, word). The '--terminal-width'
+          option can be used in addition to control the output width.

  -S, --chop-long-lines
          Truncate all lines longer than screen width. Alias for '--wrap=never'.
@@ -203,8 +210,11 @@ Options:
          Display a list of supported languages for syntax highlighting.

  -u, --unbuffered
-          This option exists for POSIX-compliance reasons ('u' is for 'unbuffered'). The output is
-          always unbuffered - this option is simply ignored.
+          Enable unbuffered input reading. When this flag is set, bat will display data as soon as
+          it is available, without waiting for a complete line. This is useful for streaming use
+          cases like 'tail -f logfile | bat -u --paging=never'. Note that line numbers are
+          automatically disabled in unbuffered mode, and syntax highlighting may be imperfect on
+          partial lines.

      --completion <SHELL>
          Show shell completion for a certain shell. [possible values: bash, fish, zsh, ps1]
@@ -212,6 +222,10 @@ Options:
      --diagnostic
          Show diagnostic information for bug reports.

+  -E, --quiet-empty
+          When this flag is set, bat will produce no output at all when the input is empty. This is
+          useful when piping commands that may produce empty output, like 'git diff'.
+
      --acknowledgements
          Show acknowledgements.

@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ Options:
          Show plain style (alias for '--style=plain').
  -l, --language <language>
          Set the language for syntax highlighting.
+      --fallback-syntax <fallback-syntax>
+          Set a fallback language for undetected syntaxes. [aliases: --fallback-language]
  -H, --highlight-line <N:M>
          Highlight lines N through M.
      --file-name <name>
@@ -26,7 +28,7 @@ Options:
      --tabs <T>
          Set the tab width to T spaces.
      --wrap <mode>
-          Specify the text-wrapping mode (*auto*, never, character).
+          Specify the text-wrapping mode (*auto*, never, character, word).
  -S, --chop-long-lines
          Truncate all lines longer than screen width. Alias for '--wrap=never'.
  -n, --number
@@ -58,8 +60,12 @@ Options:
          Only print the lines from N to M.
  -L, --list-languages
          Display all supported languages.
+  -u, --unbuffered
+          Enable unbuffered input reading for streaming use cases.
      --completion <SHELL>
          Show shell completion for a certain shell. [possible values: bash, fish, zsh, ps1]
+  -E, --quiet-empty
+          Produce no output when the input is empty.
  -h, --help
          Print help (see more with '--help')
  -V, --version
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+{
+  "nodes": {
+    "nixpkgs": {
+      "locked": {
+        "lastModified": 1769789167,
+        "narHash": "sha256-kKB3bqYJU5nzYeIROI82Ef9VtTbu4uA3YydSk/Bioa8=",
+        "owner": "NixOS",
+        "repo": "nixpkgs",
+        "rev": "62c8382960464ceb98ea593cb8321a2cf8f9e3e5",
+        "type": "github"
+      },
+      "original": {
+        "owner": "NixOS",
+        "ref": "nixos-unstable",
+        "repo": "nixpkgs",
+        "type": "github"
+      }
+    },
+    "root": {
+      "inputs": {
+        "nixpkgs": "nixpkgs"
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  "root": "root",
+  "version": 7
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{
+  description = "bat";
+
+  inputs.nixpkgs.url = "github:NixOS/nixpkgs/nixos-unstable";
+
+  outputs =
+    { self, ... }@inputs:
+    let
+      supportedSystems = [
+        "x86_64-linux" # 64-bit Intel/AMD Linux
+        "aarch64-linux" # 64-bit ARM Linux
+        "aarch64-darwin" # 64-bit ARM macOS
+        "x86_64-darwin" # 64-bit Intel macOS
+      ];
+
+      forEachSupportedSystem =
+        f:
+        inputs.nixpkgs.lib.genAttrs supportedSystems (
+          system:
+          f {
+            inherit system;
+            pkgs = import inputs.nixpkgs {
+              inherit system;
+            };
+          }
+        );
+    in
+    {
+      devShells = forEachSupportedSystem (
+        { pkgs, system }:
+        {
+          default = pkgs.mkShellNoCC {
+            packages = with pkgs; [
+              cargo
+            ];
+          };
+        }
+      );
+    };
+}
@@ -210,6 +210,7 @@ impl HighlightingAssets {
    pub(crate) fn get_syntax(
        &self,
        language: Option<&str>,
+        fallback_syntax: Option<&str>,
        input: &mut OpenedInput,
        mapping: &SyntaxMapping,
    ) -> Result<SyntaxReferenceInSet<'_>> {
@@ -222,21 +223,50 @@ impl HighlightingAssets {
        }

        let path = input.path();
-        let path_syntax = if let Some(path) = path {
-            self.get_syntax_for_path(
-                PathAbs::new(path).map_or_else(|_| path.to_owned(), |p| p.as_path().to_path_buf()),
-                mapping,
-            )
+        let absolute_path = path.and_then(|p| {
+            PathAbs::new(p)
+                .ok()
+                .map(|abs| abs.as_path().to_path_buf())
+                .or_else(|| Some(p.to_owned()))
+        });
+
+        let path_syntax = if let Some(ref path) = absolute_path {
+            self.get_syntax_for_path(path, mapping).or_else(|e| {
+                // If syntax detection failed on the given path, retry with the
+                // canonicalized path (which resolves symlinks). This handles
+                // cases like `Aliases/0install -> ../Formula/zero-install.rb`
+                // where the symlink name has no extension but the target does.
+                // See #1001.
+                if matches!(e, Error::UndetectedSyntax(_)) {
+                    if let Ok(resolved) = fs::canonicalize(path) {
+                        if resolved != *path {
+                            return match self.get_syntax_for_path(&resolved, mapping) {
+                                Ok(syntax) => Ok(syntax),
+                                Err(Error::UndetectedSyntax(_)) => Err(e),
+                                Err(err) => Err(err),
+                            };
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                Err(e)
+            })
        } else {
            Err(Error::UndetectedSyntax("[unknown]".into()))
        };

+        // If a path wasn't provided, or if path based syntax detection
+        // above failed, we fall back to first-line syntax detection.
        match path_syntax {
-            // If a path wasn't provided, or if path based syntax detection
-            // above failed, we fall back to first-line syntax detection.
-            Err(Error::UndetectedSyntax(path)) => self
-                .get_first_line_syntax(&mut input.reader)?
-                .ok_or(Error::UndetectedSyntax(path)),
+            Err(Error::UndetectedSyntax(path)) => {
+                if let Some(syntax_in_set) = self.get_first_line_syntax(&mut input.reader)? {
+                    Ok(syntax_in_set)
+                } else if let Some(language) = fallback_syntax {
+                    self.find_syntax_by_token(language)?
+                        .ok_or_else(|| Error::UnknownSyntax(language.to_owned()))
+                } else {
+                    Err(Error::UndetectedSyntax(path))
+                }
+            }
            _ => path_syntax,
        }
    }
@@ -262,6 +292,24 @@ impl HighlightingAssets {
            .map(|syntax| SyntaxReferenceInSet { syntax, syntax_set }))
    }

+    fn find_syntax_by_hidden_file_name(
+        &self,
+        file_name: &OsStr,
+    ) -> Result<Option<SyntaxReferenceInSet<'_>>> {
+        let Some(hidden_file_extension) = file_name
+            .to_str()
+            .and_then(|name| name.strip_prefix('.'))
+            .filter(|name| !name.is_empty())
+        else {
+            return Ok(None);
+        };
+
+        // syntect stores `hidden_file_extensions` in the same extension list as
+        // regular file extensions, but dotfiles must be queried without the
+        // leading period.
+        self.find_syntax_by_extension(Some(OsStr::new(hidden_file_extension)))
+    }
+
    fn find_syntax_by_token(&self, token: &str) -> Result<Option<SyntaxReferenceInSet<'_>>> {
        let syntax_set = self.get_syntax_set()?;
        Ok(syntax_set
@@ -275,6 +323,9 @@ impl HighlightingAssets {
        ignored_suffixes: &IgnoredSuffixes,
    ) -> Result<Option<SyntaxReferenceInSet<'_>>> {
        let mut syntax = self.find_syntax_by_extension(Some(file_name))?;
+        if syntax.is_none() {
+            syntax = self.find_syntax_by_hidden_file_name(file_name)?;
+        }
        if syntax.is_none() {
            syntax =
                ignored_suffixes.try_with_stripped_suffix(file_name, |stripped_file_name| {
@@ -395,11 +446,12 @@ mod tests {
        fn get_syntax_name(
            &self,
            language: Option<&str>,
+            fallback_syntax: Option<&str>,
            input: &mut OpenedInput,
            mapping: &SyntaxMapping,
        ) -> String {
            self.assets
-                .get_syntax(language, input, mapping)
+                .get_syntax(language, fallback_syntax, input, mapping)
                .map(|syntax_in_set| syntax_in_set.syntax.name.clone())
                .unwrap_or_else(|_| "!no syntax!".to_owned())
        }
@@ -419,7 +471,7 @@ mod tests {
            let dummy_stdin: &[u8] = &[];
            let mut opened_input = input.open(dummy_stdin, None).unwrap();

-            self.get_syntax_name(None, &mut opened_input, &self.syntax_mapping)
+            self.get_syntax_name(None, None, &mut opened_input, &self.syntax_mapping)
        }

        fn syntax_for_file_with_content_os(&self, file_name: &OsStr, first_line: &str) -> String {
@@ -429,7 +481,7 @@ mod tests {
            let dummy_stdin: &[u8] = &[];
            let mut opened_input = input.open(dummy_stdin, None).unwrap();

-            self.get_syntax_name(None, &mut opened_input, &self.syntax_mapping)
+            self.get_syntax_name(None, None, &mut opened_input, &self.syntax_mapping)
        }

        #[cfg(unix)]
@@ -449,7 +501,7 @@ mod tests {
            let input = Input::stdin().with_name(Some(file_name));
            let mut opened_input = input.open(content, None).unwrap();

-            self.get_syntax_name(None, &mut opened_input, &self.syntax_mapping)
+            self.get_syntax_name(None, None, &mut opened_input, &self.syntax_mapping)
        }

        fn syntax_is_same_for_inputkinds(&self, file_name: &str, content: &str) -> bool {
@@ -661,6 +713,55 @@ mod tests {
        );
    }

+    #[cfg(feature = "build-assets")]
+    #[test]
+    fn syntax_detection_hidden_file_extensions() {
+        let source_dir = TempDir::new().expect("creation of temporary source directory");
+        let cache_dir = TempDir::new().expect("creation of temporary cache directory");
+        let syntax_dir = source_dir.path().join("syntaxes");
+
+        std::fs::create_dir_all(&syntax_dir).expect("creation of syntax directory succeeds");
+        std::fs::write(
+            syntax_dir.join("HiddenFileExtension.sublime-syntax"),
+            r#"%YAML 1.2
+---
+name: Hidden File Extension
+hidden_file_extensions:
+  - testrc
+scope: source.hiddenfileextension
+
+contexts:
+  main:
+    - match: .
+      scope: source.hiddenfileextension
+"#,
+        )
+        .expect("custom syntax can be written");
+
+        build(
+            source_dir.path(),
+            false,
+            false,
+            cache_dir.path(),
+            env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION"),
+        )
+        .expect("custom assets can be built");
+
+        let test = SyntaxDetectionTest {
+            assets: HighlightingAssets::from_cache(cache_dir.path())
+                .expect("custom syntax cache can be loaded"),
+            syntax_mapping: SyntaxMapping::new(),
+            temp_dir: TempDir::new().expect("creation of temporary directory"),
+        };
+
+        assert_eq!(test.syntax_for_file(".testrc"), "Hidden File Extension");
+        assert_eq!(
+            test.syntax_for_stdin_with_content(".testrc", b""),
+            "Hidden File Extension"
+        );
+        assert!(test.syntax_is_same_for_inputkinds(".testrc", ""));
+    }
+
    #[cfg(unix)]
    #[test]
    fn syntax_detection_for_symlinked_file() {
@@ -682,8 +783,35 @@ mod tests {
        let mut opened_input = input.open(dummy_stdin, None).unwrap();

        assert_eq!(
-            test.get_syntax_name(None, &mut opened_input, &test.syntax_mapping),
+            test.get_syntax_name(None, None, &mut opened_input, &test.syntax_mapping),
            "SSH Config"
        );
    }
+
+    #[cfg(unix)]
+    #[test]
+    fn syntax_detection_for_symlinked_file_by_target_extension() {
+        use std::os::unix::fs::symlink;
+
+        let test = SyntaxDetectionTest::new();
+
+        let formula_dir = test.temp_dir.path().join("Formula");
+        std::fs::create_dir(&formula_dir).unwrap();
+        let target = formula_dir.join("zero-install.rb");
+        File::create(&target).unwrap();
+
+        let aliases_dir = test.temp_dir.path().join("Aliases");
+        std::fs::create_dir(&aliases_dir).unwrap();
+        let link = aliases_dir.join("0install");
+        symlink(&target, &link).unwrap();
+
+        let input = Input::ordinary_file(&link);
+        let dummy_stdin: &[u8] = &[];
+        let mut opened_input = input.open(dummy_stdin, None).unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            test.get_syntax_name(None, None, &mut opened_input, &test.syntax_mapping),
+            "Ruby"
+        );
+    }
 }
@@ -50,6 +50,11 @@ pub struct App {
    /// (not from config file or environment variables).
    /// This is used to honor the flag when piping output, similar to `cat -n`.
    number_from_cli: bool,
+    /// True if --wrap=character was passed on the command line
+    /// (not from config file or environment variables).
+    /// When piping output (non-interactive), --wrap=character is ignored unless
+    /// it was explicitly provided on the command line.
+    wrap_character_from_cli: bool,
 }

 impl App {
@@ -90,6 +95,18 @@ impl App {
            false
        });

+        // Check if --wrap=character was passed on the command line
+        // (before merging with config file and environment variables).
+        // This is needed to honor --wrap=character when piping output, while
+        // ignoring it when it comes only from the config file or BAT_OPTS.
+        let cli_args_vec: Vec<_> = wild::args_os().collect();
+        let wrap_character_from_cli = cli_args_vec
+            .iter()
+            .any(|arg| arg.to_string_lossy() == "--wrap=character")
+            || cli_args_vec.windows(2).any(|pair| {
+                pair[0].to_string_lossy() == "--wrap" && pair[1].to_string_lossy() == "character"
+            });
+
        let matches = Self::matches(interactive_output)?;

        if matches.get_flag("help") {
@@ -130,6 +147,7 @@ impl App {
            matches,
            interactive_output,
            number_from_cli,
+            wrap_character_from_cli,
        })
    }

@@ -384,6 +402,10 @@ impl App {
                        None
                    }
                }),
+            fallback_syntax: self
+                .matches
+                .get_one::<String>("fallback-syntax")
+                .map(|s| s.as_str()),
            show_nonprintable: self.matches.get_flag("show-all"),
            nonprintable_notation: match self
                .matches
@@ -399,27 +421,38 @@ impl App {
                Some("no-printing") => BinaryBehavior::NoPrinting,
                _ => unreachable!("other values for --binary are not allowed"),
            },
-            wrapping_mode: if self.interactive_output || maybe_term_width.is_some() {
-                if !self.matches.get_flag("chop-long-lines") {
+            wrapping_mode: {
+                if self.matches.get_flag("chop-long-lines") {
+                    WrappingMode::NoWrapping(true)
+                } else {
                    match self.matches.get_one::<String>("wrap").map(|s| s.as_str()) {
-                        Some("character") => WrappingMode::Character,
-                        Some("never") => WrappingMode::NoWrapping(true),
-                        Some("auto") | None => {
-                            if style_components.plain() && maybe_term_width.is_none() {
+                        Some("character") => {
+                            if !self.interactive_output && !self.wrap_character_from_cli {
+                                // When piping output (non-interactive), ignore --wrap=character
+                                // unless it was explicitly provided on the command line.
                                WrappingMode::NoWrapping(false)
                            } else {
                                WrappingMode::Character
                            }
                        }
+                        Some("word") => WrappingMode::Word,
+                        Some("never") => WrappingMode::NoWrapping(true),
+                        Some("auto") | None => {
+                            if self.interactive_output || maybe_term_width.is_some() {
+                                if style_components.plain() && maybe_term_width.is_none() {
+                                    WrappingMode::NoWrapping(false)
+                                } else {
+                                    WrappingMode::Character
+                                }
+                            } else {
+                                // We don't have the tty width when piping to another program.
+                                // There's no point in wrapping when this is the case.
+                                WrappingMode::NoWrapping(false)
+                            }
+                        }
                        _ => unreachable!("other values for --wrap are not allowed"),
                    }
-                } else {
-                    WrappingMode::NoWrapping(true)
                }
-            } else {
-                // We don't have the tty width when piping to another program.
-                // There's no point in wrapping when this is the case.
-                WrappingMode::NoWrapping(false)
            },
            colored_output: self.matches.get_flag("force-colorization")
                || match self.matches.get_one::<String>("color").map(|s| s.as_str()) {
@@ -461,6 +494,8 @@ impl App {
                Some("auto") => StripAnsiMode::Auto,
                _ => unreachable!("other values for --strip-ansi are not allowed"),
            },
+            quiet_empty: self.matches.get_flag("quiet-empty"),
+            unbuffered: self.matches.get_flag("unbuffered"),
            theme: theme(self.theme_options()).to_string(),
            visible_lines: match self.matches.try_contains_id("diff").unwrap_or_default()
                && self.matches.get_flag("diff")
@@ -581,7 +616,17 @@ impl App {

        // Plain if `--plain` is specified at least once.
        if self.matches.get_count("plain") > 0 {
-            return Some(StyleComponents(HashSet::from([StyleComponent::Plain])));
+            let mut components = HashSet::from([StyleComponent::Plain]);
+            // When --diff is active, preserve change markers and snip separators
+            // so that diff output remains visually useful.
+            if self.matches.try_contains_id("diff").unwrap_or_default()
+                && self.matches.get_flag("diff")
+            {
+                #[cfg(feature = "git")]
+                components.insert(StyleComponent::Changes);
+                components.insert(StyleComponent::Snip);
+            }
+            return Some(StyleComponents(components));
        }

        // Default behavior.
@@ -618,6 +663,11 @@ impl App {
            bat_warning!("Style 'rule' is a subset of style 'grid', 'rule' will not be visible.");
        }

+        // Auto-disable line numbers in unbuffered mode to avoid confusion with partial lines
+        if self.matches.get_flag("unbuffered") {
+            styled_components.0.remove(&StyleComponent::LineNumbers);
+        }
+
        Ok(styled_components)
    }

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 use bat::style::StyleComponentList;
-use clap::{
-    crate_name, crate_version, value_parser, Arg, ArgAction, ArgGroup, ColorChoice, Command,
-};
+use clap::{crate_name, crate_version, value_parser, Arg, ArgAction, ColorChoice, Command};
 use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
 use std::env;
 use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
@@ -122,6 +120,17 @@ pub fn build_app(interactive_output: bool) -> Command {
                     language names and file extensions.",
                ),
        )
+        .arg(
+            Arg::new("fallback-syntax")
+                .long("fallback-syntax")
+                .visible_alias("fallback-language")
+                .help("Set a fallback language for undetected syntaxes.")
+                .long_help(
+                    "Set a fallback language for syntax highlighting when auto-detection fails. \
+                     Unlike '--language', this is only used when no syntax could be detected from \
+                     filename, custom syntax mappings, or first-line detection.",
+                ),
+        )
        .arg(
            Arg::new("highlight-line")
                .long("highlight-line")
@@ -213,11 +222,11 @@ pub fn build_app(interactive_output: bool) -> Command {
                .long("wrap")
                .overrides_with("wrap")
                .value_name("mode")
-                .value_parser(["auto", "never", "character"])
+                .value_parser(["auto", "never", "character", "word"])
                .default_value("auto")
                .hide_default_value(true)
-                .help("Specify the text-wrapping mode (*auto*, never, character).")
-                .long_help("Specify the text-wrapping mode (*auto*, never, character). \
+                .help("Specify the text-wrapping mode (*auto*, never, character, word).")
+                .long_help("Specify the text-wrapping mode (*auto*, never, character, word). \
                           The '--terminal-width' option can be used in addition to \
                           control the output width."),
        )
@@ -550,11 +559,14 @@ pub fn build_app(interactive_output: bool) -> Command {
                .short('u')
                .long("unbuffered")
                .action(ArgAction::SetTrue)
-                .hide_short_help(true)
+                .help("Enable unbuffered input reading for streaming use cases.")
                .long_help(
-                    "This option exists for POSIX-compliance reasons ('u' is for \
-                     'unbuffered'). The output is always unbuffered - this option \
-                     is simply ignored.",
+                    "Enable unbuffered input reading. When this flag is set, bat will \
+                     display data as soon as it is available, without waiting for a \
+                     complete line. This is useful for streaming use cases like \
+                     'tail -f logfile | bat -u --paging=never'. Note that line numbers \
+                     are automatically disabled in unbuffered mode, and syntax \
+                     highlighting may be imperfect on partial lines.",
                ),
        )
        .arg(
@@ -643,6 +655,18 @@ pub fn build_app(interactive_output: bool) -> Command {
                .hide_short_help(true)
                .help("Show diagnostic information for bug reports."),
        )
+        .arg(
+            Arg::new("quiet-empty")
+                .long("quiet-empty")
+                .short('E')
+                .action(ArgAction::SetTrue)
+                .help("Produce no output when the input is empty.")
+                .long_help(
+                    "When this flag is set, bat will produce no output at all when \
+                     the input is empty. This is useful when piping commands that may \
+                     produce empty output, like 'git diff'.",
+                ),
+        )
        .arg(
            Arg::new("acknowledgements")
                .long("acknowledgements")
@@ -682,11 +706,20 @@ pub fn build_app(interactive_output: bool) -> Command {
            Command::new("cache")
                .hide(true)
                .about("Modify the syntax-definition and theme cache")
+                .arg_required_else_help(true)
+                .arg(
+                    Arg::new("help")
+                        .short('h')
+                        .long("help")
+                        .action(ArgAction::Help)
+                        .help("Print help"),
+                )
                .arg(
                    Arg::new("build")
                        .long("build")
                        .short('b')
                        .action(ArgAction::SetTrue)
+                        .conflicts_with("clear")
                        .help("Initialize (or update) the syntax/theme cache.")
                        .long_help(
                            "Initialize (or update) the syntax/theme cache by loading from \
@@ -698,13 +731,9 @@ pub fn build_app(interactive_output: bool) -> Command {
                        .long("clear")
                        .short('c')
                        .action(ArgAction::SetTrue)
+                        .conflicts_with("build")
                        .help("Remove the cached syntax definitions and themes."),
                )
-                .group(
-                    ArgGroup::new("cache-actions")
-                        .args(["build", "clear"])
-                        .required(true),
-                )
                .arg(
                    Arg::new("source")
                        .long("source")
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use std::env;
 use std::ffi::OsString;
 use std::fs;
 use std::io::{self, Write};
-use std::path::PathBuf;
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};

 use crate::directories::PROJECT_DIRS;

@@ -104,18 +104,32 @@ pub fn generate_config_file() -> bat::error::Result<()> {
 pub fn get_args_from_config_file() -> Result<Vec<OsString>, shell_words::ParseError> {
    let mut config = String::new();

-    if let Ok(c) = fs::read_to_string(system_config_file()) {
+    let system_config = system_config_file();
+    let user_config = config_file();
+
+    if let Ok(c) = fs::read_to_string(&system_config) {
        config.push_str(&c);
        config.push('\n');
    }

-    if let Ok(c) = fs::read_to_string(config_file()) {
-        config.push_str(&c);
+    // Skip the user config if it resolves to the same file as the system config,
+    // which can happen when BAT_CONFIG_DIR is set to e.g. "/etc/bat". See #3589.
+    if !same_file(&system_config, &user_config) {
+        if let Ok(c) = fs::read_to_string(&user_config) {
+            config.push_str(&c);
+        }
    }

    get_args_from_str(&config)
 }

+fn same_file(a: &Path, b: &Path) -> bool {
+    match (fs::canonicalize(a), fs::canonicalize(b)) {
+        (Ok(a), Ok(b)) => a == b,
+        _ => a == b,
+    }
+}
+
 pub fn get_args_from_env_opts_var() -> Option<Result<Vec<OsString>, shell_words::ParseError>> {
    env::var("BAT_OPTS").ok().map(|s| get_args_from_str(&s))
 }
@@ -214,3 +228,40 @@ fn comments() {
        get_args_from_str(config).unwrap()
    );
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn same_file_identical_paths() {
+    let dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+    let file = dir.path().join("config");
+    fs::write(&file, "").unwrap();
+    assert!(same_file(&file, &file));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn same_file_different_paths() {
+    let dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+    let a = dir.path().join("a");
+    let b = dir.path().join("b");
+    fs::write(&a, "").unwrap();
+    fs::write(&b, "").unwrap();
+    assert!(!same_file(&a, &b));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn same_file_nonexistent() {
+    let dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+    let a = dir.path().join("a");
+    let b = dir.path().join("b");
+    assert!(!same_file(&a, &b));
+}
+
+#[cfg(unix)]
+#[test]
+fn same_file_via_symlink() {
+    let dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+    let original = dir.path().join("config");
+    let link = dir.path().join("link");
+    fs::write(&original, "").unwrap();
+    std::os::unix::fs::symlink(&original, &link).unwrap();
+    assert!(same_file(&original, &link));
+}
@@ -38,6 +38,9 @@ pub struct Config<'a> {
    /// The explicitly configured language, if any
    pub language: Option<&'a str>,

+    /// The fallback syntax used when auto-detection fails
+    pub fallback_syntax: Option<&'a str>,
+
    /// Whether or not to show/replace non-printable characters like space, tab and newline.
    pub show_nonprintable: bool,

@@ -107,6 +110,12 @@ pub struct Config<'a> {

    // Whether or not to strip ANSI escape codes from the input
    pub strip_ansi: StripAnsiMode,
+
+    /// Whether or not to produce no output when input is empty
+    pub quiet_empty: bool,
+
+    /// Whether or not to use unbuffered input reading for streaming use cases
+    pub unbuffered: bool,
 }

 #[cfg(all(feature = "minimal-application", feature = "paging"))]
@@ -158,6 +158,7 @@ impl Controller<'_> {
            #[cfg(not(feature = "lessopen"))]
            input.open(stdin, stdout_identifier)?
        };
+        opened_input.reader.unbuffered = self.config.unbuffered;
        #[cfg(feature = "git")]
        let line_changes = if self.config.visible_lines.diff_mode()
            || (!self.config.loop_through && self.config.style_components.changes())
@@ -327,6 +328,9 @@ impl Controller<'_> {
                    }

                    printer.print_line(false, writer, line_nr, &line, max_buffered_line_number)?;
+                    if self.config.unbuffered {
+                        writer.flush()?;
+                    }
                }
                RangeCheckResult::AfterLastRange => {
                    break;
@@ -253,6 +253,7 @@ pub(crate) struct InputReader<'a> {
    inner: Box<dyn BufRead + 'a>,
    pub(crate) first_line: Vec<u8>,
    pub(crate) content_type: Option<ContentType>,
+    pub(crate) unbuffered: bool,
 }

 impl<'a> InputReader<'a> {
@@ -276,6 +277,7 @@ impl<'a> InputReader<'a> {
            inner: Box::new(reader),
            first_line,
            content_type,
+            unbuffered: false,
        }
    }

@@ -292,9 +294,29 @@ impl<'a> InputReader<'a> {
            return read_utf16_line(&mut self.inner, buf, 0x0A, 0x00);
        }

+        if self.unbuffered {
+            return self.read_line_unbuffered(buf);
+        }
+
        let res = self.inner.read_until(b'\n', buf).map(|size| size > 0)?;
        Ok(res)
    }
+
+    fn read_line_unbuffered(&mut self, buf: &mut Vec<u8>) -> io::Result<bool> {
+        let available = self.inner.fill_buf()?;
+        if available.is_empty() {
+            return Ok(!buf.is_empty());
+        }
+        if let Some(pos) = available.iter().position(|&b| b == b'\n') {
+            buf.extend_from_slice(&available[..=pos]);
+            self.inner.consume(pos + 1);
+        } else {
+            let len = available.len();
+            buf.extend_from_slice(available);
+            self.inner.consume(len);
+        }
+        Ok(true)
+    }
 }

 fn read_utf16_line<R: BufRead>(
@@ -381,6 +403,89 @@ fn utf16le() {
    assert!(buffer.is_empty());
 }

+#[test]
+fn unbuffered_returns_partial_data() {
+    use std::io::Cursor;
+
+    let content = b"first line\npartial";
+    let mut reader = InputReader::new(Cursor::new(&content[..]));
+    reader.unbuffered = true;
+
+    // First call returns first_line (buffered during new())
+    let mut buffer = vec![];
+    let res = reader.read_line(&mut buffer);
+    assert!(res.is_ok());
+    assert!(res.unwrap());
+    assert_eq!(b"first line\n", &buffer[..]);
+
+    // Subsequent calls use unbuffered reading
+    buffer.clear();
+    let res = reader.read_line(&mut buffer);
+    assert!(res.is_ok());
+    assert!(res.unwrap());
+    assert_eq!(b"partial", &buffer[..]);
+
+    // EOF
+    buffer.clear();
+    let res = reader.read_line(&mut buffer);
+    assert!(res.is_ok());
+    assert!(!res.unwrap());
+    assert!(buffer.is_empty());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn unbuffered_returns_complete_lines() {
+    use std::io::Cursor;
+
+    let content = b"line1\nline2\n";
+    let mut reader = InputReader::new(Cursor::new(&content[..]));
+    reader.unbuffered = true;
+
+    // First call returns first_line
+    let mut buffer = vec![];
+    let res = reader.read_line(&mut buffer);
+    assert!(res.is_ok());
+    assert!(res.unwrap());
+    assert_eq!(b"line1\n", &buffer[..]);
+
+    // Second call returns line2 (complete line with newline)
+    buffer.clear();
+    let res = reader.read_line(&mut buffer);
+    assert!(res.is_ok());
+    assert!(res.unwrap());
+    assert_eq!(b"line2\n", &buffer[..]);
+
+    // EOF
+    buffer.clear();
+    let res = reader.read_line(&mut buffer);
+    assert!(res.is_ok());
+    assert!(!res.unwrap());
+    assert!(buffer.is_empty());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn unbuffered_eof_handling() {
+    use std::io::Cursor;
+
+    let content = b"only line\n";
+    let mut reader = InputReader::new(Cursor::new(&content[..]));
+    reader.unbuffered = true;
+
+    // First call returns first_line
+    let mut buffer = vec![];
+    let res = reader.read_line(&mut buffer);
+    assert!(res.is_ok());
+    assert!(res.unwrap());
+    assert_eq!(b"only line\n", &buffer[..]);
+
+    // EOF - empty buffer returns false
+    buffer.clear();
+    let res = reader.read_line(&mut buffer);
+    assert!(res.is_ok());
+    assert!(!res.unwrap());
+    assert!(buffer.is_empty());
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn utf16le_issue3367() {
    let content = b"\xFF\xFE\x0A\x4E\x00\x4E\x0A\x4F\x00\x52\x0A\x00\
@@ -23,6 +23,18 @@ pub struct BuiltinPager {
 impl BuiltinPager {
    fn new() -> Self {
        let pager = minus::Pager::new();
+
+        let mut input_register = minus::input::HashedEventRegister::default();
+        input_register.add_key_events(&["home"], |_, _| {
+            minus::input::InputEvent::UpdateUpperMark(0)
+        });
+        input_register.add_key_events(&["end"], |_, _| {
+            minus::input::InputEvent::UpdateUpperMark(usize::MAX)
+        });
+        pager
+            .set_input_classifier(Box::new(input_register))
+            .expect("failed to set input classifier on newly created pager");
+
        let handle = {
            let pager = pager.clone();
            Some(spawn(move || {
@@ -105,6 +117,10 @@ impl OutputType {
        let resolved_path = match grep_cli::resolve_binary(&pager.bin) {
            Ok(path) => path,
            Err(_) => {
+                crate::bat_warning!(
+                    "Pager '{}' not found, outputting to stdout instead",
+                    pager.bin
+                );
                return Ok(OutputType::stdout());
            }
        };
@@ -131,8 +147,13 @@ impl OutputType {
                    p.arg("-S"); // Short version of --chop-long-lines for compatibility
                }

+                let less_version = retrieve_less_version(&pager.bin);
+
                // Ensures that 'less' quits together with 'bat'
-                p.arg("-K"); // Short version of '--quit-on-intr'
+                // The BusyBox version of less does not support -K
+                if less_version != Some(LessVersion::BusyBox) {
+                    p.arg("-K"); // Short version of '--quit-on-intr'
+                }

                // Passing '--no-init' fixes a bug with '--quit-if-one-screen' in older
                // versions of 'less'. Unfortunately, it also breaks mouse-wheel support.
@@ -142,7 +163,7 @@ impl OutputType {
                // For newer versions (530 or 558 on Windows), we omit '--no-init' as it
                // is not needed anymore.
                if single_screen_action == SingleScreenAction::Quit {
-                    match retrieve_less_version(&pager.bin) {
+                    match less_version {
                        None => {
                            p.arg("--no-init");
                        }
@@ -169,7 +190,13 @@ impl OutputType {
        Ok(p.stdin(Stdio::piped())
            .spawn()
            .map(OutputType::Pager)
-            .unwrap_or_else(|_| OutputType::stdout()))
+            .unwrap_or_else(|_| {
+                crate::bat_warning!(
+                    "Pager '{}' not found, outputting to stdout instead",
+                    &pager.bin
+                );
+                OutputType::stdout()
+            }))
    }

    pub(crate) fn stdout() -> Self {
@@ -210,8 +237,8 @@ impl Drop for OutputType {
                let _ = command.wait();
            }
            OutputType::BuiltinPager(ref mut pager) => {
-                if pager.handle.is_some() {
-                    let _ = pager.handle.take().unwrap().join().unwrap();
+                if let Some(handle) = pager.handle.take() {
+                    let _ = handle.join();
                }
            }
            OutputType::Stdout(_) => (),
@@ -231,4 +258,11 @@ impl OutputHandle<'_> {
            Self::FmtWrite(handle) => handle.write_fmt(args).map_err(Into::into),
        }
    }
+
+    pub fn flush(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
+        match self {
+            Self::IoWrite(handle) => handle.flush().map_err(Into::into),
+            Self::FmtWrite(_) => Ok(()),
+        }
+    }
 }
@@ -37,6 +37,16 @@ use crate::wrapping::WrappingMode;
 use crate::BinaryBehavior;
 use crate::StripAnsiMode;

+// Return the displayed width of a character.
+//
+// Control characters (0x00..=0x1F and 0x7F) are rendered by the terminal
+// in caret notation (e.g. ^@, ^A, ..., ^?), which occupies two columns.
+// UnicodeWidthChar::width() returns None for these, so we map them to 2
+// here instead of the previous default of 0.
+fn char_width(c: char) -> usize {
+    c.width().unwrap_or(if c.is_control() { 2 } else { 0 })
+}
+
 const ANSI_UNDERLINE_ENABLE: EscapeSequence = EscapeSequence::CSI {
    raw_sequence: "\x1B[4m",
    parameters: "4",
@@ -268,7 +278,12 @@ impl<'a> InteractivePrinter<'a> {
            const PLAIN_TEXT_SYNTAX: &str = "Plain Text";
            const MANPAGE_SYNTAX: &str = "Manpage";
            const COMMAND_HELP_SYNTAX: &str = "Command Help";
-            match assets.get_syntax(config.language, input, &config.syntax_mapping) {
+            match assets.get_syntax(
+                config.language,
+                config.fallback_syntax,
+                input,
+                &config.syntax_mapping,
+            ) {
                Ok(syntax_in_set) => (
                    syntax_in_set.syntax.name == PLAIN_TEXT_SYNTAX,
                    syntax_in_set.syntax.name == MANPAGE_SYNTAX
@@ -454,6 +469,11 @@ impl Printer for InteractivePrinter<'_> {
        input: &OpenedInput,
        add_header_padding: bool,
    ) -> Result<()> {
+        // If input is empty and quiet_empty is enabled, skip all output
+        if self.content_type.is_none() && self.config.quiet_empty {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+
        if add_header_padding && self.config.style_components.rule() {
            self.print_horizontal_line_term(handle, self.colors.rule)?;
        }
@@ -556,6 +576,11 @@ impl Printer for InteractivePrinter<'_> {
    }

    fn print_footer(&mut self, handle: &mut OutputHandle, _input: &OpenedInput) -> Result<()> {
+        // If input is empty and quiet_empty is enabled, skip footer
+        if self.content_type.is_none() && self.config.quiet_empty {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+
        if self.config.style_components.grid()
            && (self.content_type.is_some_and(|c| c.is_text())
                || self.config.show_nonprintable
@@ -771,11 +796,21 @@ impl Printer for InteractivePrinter<'_> {
                            // Displayed width of line_buf
                            let mut current_width = 0;

+                            let word_wrap = matches!(self.config.wrapping_mode, WrappingMode::Word);
+
+                            // For word wrapping, track last whitespace position.
+                            let mut last_ws_idx: Option<usize> = None;
+
                            for c in text.chars() {
                                // calculate the displayed width for next character
-                                let cw = c.width().unwrap_or(0);
+                                let cw = char_width(c);
                                current_width += cw;

+                                // Track whitespace positions for word wrapping.
+                                if word_wrap && c.is_whitespace() {
+                                    last_ws_idx = Some(line_buf.len());
+                                }
+
                                // if next character cannot be printed on this line,
                                // flush the buffer.
                                if current_width > max_width {
@@ -797,13 +832,37 @@ impl Printer for InteractivePrinter<'_> {
                                        }
                                    }

+                                    // Determine the break point and remainder
+                                    // for word wrapping.
+                                    let (emit_end, rest_start) = if word_wrap {
+                                        if let Some(ws_idx) = last_ws_idx {
+                                            // Skip the whitespace character itself
+                                            // and carry the rest to the next line.
+                                            let rs = ws_idx
+                                                + line_buf[ws_idx..]
+                                                    .chars()
+                                                    .next()
+                                                    .map(|ch| ch.len_utf8())
+                                                    .unwrap_or(0);
+                                            (ws_idx, Some(rs))
+                                        } else {
+                                            (line_buf.len(), None)
+                                        }
+                                    } else {
+                                        (line_buf.len(), None)
+                                    };
+
                                    // It wraps.
                                    write!(
                                        handle,
                                        "{}{}\n{}",
                                        as_terminal_escaped(
                                            style,
-                                            &format!("{}{line_buf}", self.ansi_style),
+                                            &format!(
+                                                "{}{}",
+                                                self.ansi_style,
+                                                &line_buf[..emit_end]
+                                            ),
                                            self.config.true_color,
                                            self.config.colored_output,
                                            self.config.use_italic_text,
@@ -816,8 +875,19 @@ impl Printer for InteractivePrinter<'_> {
                                    cursor = 0;
                                    max_width = cursor_max;

-                                    line_buf.clear();
-                                    current_width = cw;
+                                    if let Some(rs) = rest_start {
+                                        // Word wrap: carry remainder to next line.
+                                        let remainder = line_buf[rs..].to_string();
+                                        let rem_width: usize =
+                                            remainder.chars().map(char_width).sum();
+                                        line_buf.clear();
+                                        line_buf.push_str(&remainder);
+                                        current_width = rem_width + cw;
+                                    } else {
+                                        line_buf.clear();
+                                        current_width = cw;
+                                    }
+                                    last_ws_idx = None;
                                }

                                line_buf.push(c);
@@ -17,9 +17,16 @@ use ignored_suffixes::IgnoredSuffixes;
 mod builtin;
 pub mod ignored_suffixes;

-fn make_glob_matcher(from: &str) -> Result<GlobMatcher> {
+/// Whether a glob pattern should be matched case-sensitively or case-insensitively.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub(crate) enum Case {
+    Sensitive,
+    Insensitive,
+}
+
+fn make_glob_matcher(from: &str, case: Case) -> Result<GlobMatcher> {
    let matcher = GlobBuilder::new(from)
-        .case_insensitive(true)
+        .case_insensitive(matches!(case, Case::Insensitive))
        .literal_separator(true)
        .build()?
        .compile_matcher();
@@ -97,7 +104,14 @@ impl<'a> SyntaxMapping<'a> {
    }

    pub fn insert(&mut self, from: &str, to: MappingTarget<'a>) -> Result<()> {
-        let matcher = make_glob_matcher(from)?;
+        let matcher = make_glob_matcher(from, Case::Insensitive)?;
+        self.custom_mappings.push((matcher, to));
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Like [`Self::insert`], but the glob pattern is matched case-sensitively.
+    pub fn insert_case_sensitive(&mut self, from: &str, to: MappingTarget<'a>) -> Result<()> {
+        let matcher = make_glob_matcher(from, Case::Sensitive)?;
        self.custom_mappings.push((matcher, to));
        Ok(())
    }
@@ -261,4 +275,41 @@ mod tests {
            Some(MappingTarget::MapTo("alpha"))
        );
    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn case_sensitive_custom_mappings_work() {
+        let mut map = SyntaxMapping::new();
+        map.insert_case_sensitive("MY_SPECIAL_FILE", MappingTarget::MapTo("Python"))
+            .ok();
+
+        // Exact case matches
+        assert_eq!(
+            map.get_syntax_for("/path/to/MY_SPECIAL_FILE"),
+            Some(MappingTarget::MapTo("Python"))
+        );
+        // Different case should NOT match the case-sensitive rule
+        assert_eq!(map.get_syntax_for("/path/to/my_special_file"), None);
+        assert_eq!(map.get_syntax_for("/path/to/My_Special_File"), None);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn builtin_mappings_build_is_case_sensitive() {
+        let map = SyntaxMapping::new();
+
+        // "BUILD" (uppercase) should map to Python via case-sensitive builtin
+        assert_eq!(
+            map.get_syntax_for("/path/to/BUILD"),
+            Some(MappingTarget::MapTo("Python"))
+        );
+        // "build" (lowercase) should still map to MapToUnknown
+        assert_eq!(
+            map.get_syntax_for("/path/to/build"),
+            Some(MappingTarget::MapToUnknown)
+        );
+        // Mixed case should NOT match the Python rule
+        assert_eq!(
+            map.get_syntax_for("/path/to/Build"),
+            Some(MappingTarget::MapToUnknown)
+        );
+    }
 }
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use std::env;
 use globset::GlobMatcher;
 use once_cell::sync::Lazy;

-use crate::syntax_mapping::{make_glob_matcher, MappingTarget};
+use crate::syntax_mapping::{make_glob_matcher, Case, MappingTarget};

 // Static syntax mappings generated from /src/syntax_mapping/builtins/ by the
 // build script (/build/syntax_mapping.rs).
@@ -53,8 +53,8 @@ include!(concat!(
 /// A failure to compile is a fatal error.
 ///
 /// Used internally by `Lazy<Option<GlobMatcher>>`'s lazy evaluation closure.
-fn build_matcher_fixed(from: &str) -> GlobMatcher {
-    make_glob_matcher(from).expect("A builtin fixed glob matcher failed to compile")
+fn build_matcher_fixed(from: &str, case: Case) -> GlobMatcher {
+    make_glob_matcher(from, case).expect("A builtin fixed glob matcher failed to compile")
 }

 /// Join a list of matcher segments to create a glob string, replacing all
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ fn build_matcher_fixed(from: &str) -> GlobMatcher {
 /// to compile.
 ///
 /// Used internally by `Lazy<Option<GlobMatcher>>`'s lazy evaluation closure.
-fn build_matcher_dynamic(segs: &[MatcherSegment]) -> Option<GlobMatcher> {
+fn build_matcher_dynamic(segs: &[MatcherSegment], case: Case) -> Option<GlobMatcher> {
    // join segments
    let mut buf = String::new();
    for seg in segs {
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ fn build_matcher_dynamic(segs: &[MatcherSegment]) -> Option<GlobMatcher> {
        }
    }
    // compile glob matcher
-    let matcher = make_glob_matcher(&buf).ok()?;
+    let matcher = make_glob_matcher(&buf, case).ok()?;
    Some(matcher)
 }

@@ -20,12 +20,10 @@ syntax mappings defined by all TOML files, and embed them into the binary.

 ## File syntax

-Each TOML file should contain a single section named `mappings`, with each of
-its keys being a language identifier (first column of `bat -L`; also referred to
-as "target").
+Each TOML file should contain a single section named `mappings`, with each of its keys being a language
+identifier (first column of `bat -L`; also referred to as "target").

-The value of each key should be an array of strings, with each item being a glob
-matcher. We will call each of these items a "rule".
+The value of each key should be an array of "rules". The rules are expected to be objects with a `glob` string and a `case_sensitive` boolean. For simplification, a rule can be just a glob string, which is shorthand for the default case insensitive mode.

 For example, if `foo-application` uses both TOML and YAML configuration files,
 we could write something like this:
@@ -98,6 +96,15 @@ like this:
 ]
 ```

+### Case sensitivity
+
+By default, all glob patterns are matched case-insensitively. To match a pattern case-sensitively, use the object form of the rule with the `case_sensitive` option:
+
+```toml
+[mappings]
+"Python" = [{ glob = "BUILD", case_sensitive = true }]
+```
+
 ## Ordering

 At compile time, all TOML files applicable to the target are processed in
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+[mappings]
+"Python" = [{ glob = "BUILD", case_sensitive = true }]
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+[mappings]
+"INI" = [".boto", "**/gcloud/configurations/config_*"]
+"Git Ignore" = [".gcloudignore"]
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+[mappings]
+"Git Ignore" = [".?*ignore"]
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum WrappingMode {
    Character,
+    Word,
    // The bool specifies whether wrapping has been explicitly disabled by the user via --wrap=never
    NoWrapping(bool),
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog and then runs away
+superlongwordthatdefinitelyexceedstheterminalwidthandshouldfallbacktocharacterwrapping
+short words here
@@ -1425,6 +1425,21 @@ fn pager_failed_to_parse() {
        .stderr(predicate::str::contains("Could not parse pager command"));
 }

+#[test]
+#[serial]
+fn pager_missing_warning() {
+    bat()
+        .env("BAT_PAGER", "nonexistent-pager-xyz-missing")
+        .arg("--paging=always")
+        .arg("test.txt")
+        .assert()
+        .success()
+        .stderr(predicate::str::contains("[bat warning]"))
+        .stderr(predicate::str::contains("not found"))
+        .stderr(predicate::str::contains("nonexistent-pager-xyz-missing"))
+        .stdout(predicate::str::contains("hello world\n"));
+}
+
 #[test]
 #[serial]
 fn env_var_bat_paging() {
@@ -1442,6 +1457,7 @@ fn env_var_bat_paging() {
 #[test]
 fn basic_set_terminal_title() {
    bat()
+        .env("BAT_PAGER", "cat")
        .arg("--paging=always")
        .arg("--set-terminal-title")
        .arg("test.txt")
@@ -2454,6 +2470,121 @@ fn no_first_line_fallback_when_mapping_to_invalid_syntax() {
        .stderr(predicate::str::contains("unknown syntax: 'InvalidSyntax'"));
 }

+#[test]
+fn fallback_syntax_is_used_when_no_syntax_is_detected() {
+    let content = "# comment\nfoo=bar\n";
+
+    let fallback_output = bat()
+        .arg("--color=always")
+        .arg("--style=plain")
+        .arg("--file-name=unknown.fallbacksyntax")
+        .arg("--fallback-syntax=bash")
+        .write_stdin(content)
+        .assert()
+        .success()
+        .get_output()
+        .stdout
+        .clone();
+
+    let explicit_output = bat()
+        .arg("--color=always")
+        .arg("--style=plain")
+        .arg("--language=bash")
+        .arg("--file-name=unknown.fallbacksyntax")
+        .write_stdin(content)
+        .assert()
+        .success()
+        .get_output()
+        .stdout
+        .clone();
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        from_utf8(&fallback_output).expect("output is valid utf-8"),
+        from_utf8(&explicit_output).expect("output is valid utf-8")
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn fallback_syntax_does_not_override_detected_syntax() {
+    let content = "fn main() { println!(\"hello\"); }\n";
+
+    let with_fallback = bat()
+        .arg("--color=always")
+        .arg("--style=plain")
+        .arg("--file-name=test.rs")
+        .arg("--fallback-syntax=json")
+        .write_stdin(content)
+        .assert()
+        .success()
+        .get_output()
+        .stdout
+        .clone();
+
+    let without_fallback = bat()
+        .arg("--color=always")
+        .arg("--style=plain")
+        .arg("--file-name=test.rs")
+        .write_stdin(content)
+        .assert()
+        .success()
+        .get_output()
+        .stdout
+        .clone();
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        from_utf8(&with_fallback).expect("output is valid utf-8"),
+        from_utf8(&without_fallback).expect("output is valid utf-8")
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn fallback_syntax_does_not_override_explicit_language() {
+    let content = "{\"a\": 1}\n";
+
+    let with_fallback = bat()
+        .arg("--color=always")
+        .arg("--style=plain")
+        .arg("--language=json")
+        .arg("--fallback-syntax=rust")
+        .arg("--file-name=unknown.fallbacksyntax")
+        .write_stdin(content)
+        .assert()
+        .success()
+        .get_output()
+        .stdout
+        .clone();
+
+    let without_fallback = bat()
+        .arg("--color=always")
+        .arg("--style=plain")
+        .arg("--language=json")
+        .arg("--file-name=unknown.fallbacksyntax")
+        .write_stdin(content)
+        .assert()
+        .success()
+        .get_output()
+        .stdout
+        .clone();
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        from_utf8(&with_fallback).expect("output is valid utf-8"),
+        from_utf8(&without_fallback).expect("output is valid utf-8")
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn invalid_fallback_syntax_returns_error() {
+    bat()
+        .arg("--color=always")
+        .arg("--style=plain")
+        .arg("--file-name=unknown.fallbacksyntax")
+        .arg("--fallback-syntax=InvalidSyntax")
+        .write_stdin("foo\n")
+        .assert()
+        .failure()
+        .stderr(predicate::str::contains("unknown syntax: 'InvalidSyntax'"));
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn show_all_mode() {
    bat()
@@ -2550,6 +2681,25 @@ fn binary_as_text() {
        .stderr("");
 }

+#[test]
+fn binary_as_text_control_char_width() {
+    // Control characters are displayed as caret notation (e.g. ^@) by the
+    // terminal, occupying 2 columns each. With 20 NUL bytes (40 columns) +
+    // "END" (3 columns) = 43 columns, wrapping at terminal width 40 must
+    // produce 2 lines, not 1. See #3631.
+    bat()
+        .arg("--binary=as-text")
+        .arg("--wrap=character")
+        .arg("--terminal-width=40")
+        .arg("--decorations=always")
+        .arg("--style=plain")
+        .arg("--color=never")
+        .arg("regression_tests/issue_3631.txt")
+        .assert()
+        .success()
+        .stdout(predicate::function(|s: &str| s.lines().count() == 2));
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn no_strip_overstrike_for_plain_text() {
    // Overstrike is preserved for plain text files (no syntax highlighting)
@@ -2884,6 +3034,91 @@ fn no_wrapping_with_chop_long_lines() {
    wrapping_test("--chop-long-lines", false);
 }

+#[test]
+fn line_wrapping_when_set_to_character() {
+    wrapping_test("--wrap=character", true);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn no_line_wrapping_when_character_wrap_from_config() {
+    // --wrap=character in a config file should be ignored when output is not interactive
+    // (e.g. when piping), since wrapping is only useful with a pager.
+    let tmp_dir = tempdir().expect("can create temporary directory");
+    let tmp_config_path = tmp_dir.path().join("wrap-character.conf");
+    std::fs::write(&tmp_config_path, "--wrap=character").expect("can write config file");
+
+    let expected = "abcdefghigklmnopqrstuvxyzabcdefghigklmnopqrstuvxyzabcdefghigklmnopqrstuvxyzabcdefghigklmnopqrstuvxyz\n";
+
+    bat_with_config()
+        .env("BAT_CONFIG_PATH", tmp_config_path.to_str().unwrap())
+        .arg("--style=rule")
+        .arg("--color=never")
+        .arg("--decorations=always")
+        .arg("--terminal-width=80")
+        .arg("long-single-line.txt")
+        .assert()
+        .success()
+        .stdout(expected)
+        .stderr("");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn no_line_wrapping_when_character_wrap_from_bat_opts() {
+    // --wrap=character in BAT_OPTS should be ignored when output is not interactive,
+    // since it was not explicitly provided on the command line.
+    let expected = "abcdefghigklmnopqrstuvxyzabcdefghigklmnopqrstuvxyzabcdefghigklmnopqrstuvxyzabcdefghigklmnopqrstuvxyz\n";
+
+    bat_with_config()
+        .env("BAT_OPTS", "--wrap=character")
+        .arg("--style=rule")
+        .arg("--color=never")
+        .arg("--decorations=always")
+        .arg("--terminal-width=80")
+        .arg("long-single-line.txt")
+        .assert()
+        .success()
+        .stdout(expected)
+        .stderr("");
+}
+
+#[test]
+#[serial]
+fn wrap_never_flag_respected_with_paging_always() {
+    mocked_pagers::with_mocked_versions_of_more_and_most_in_path(|| {
+        bat()
+            .arg("--pager=cat")
+            .arg("--paging=always")
+            .arg("--wrap=never")
+            .arg("--color=never")
+            .arg("--decorations=never")
+            .arg("--style=plain")
+            .write_stdin("abcdefghigklmnopqrstuvxyzabcdefghigklmnopqrstuvxyzabcdefghigklmnopqrstuvxyzabcdefghigklmnopqrstuvxyz\n")
+            .assert()
+            .success()
+            .stdout(predicate::str::contains("abcdefghigklmnopqrstuvxyzabcdefghigklmnopqrstuvxyzabcdefghigklmnopqrstuvxyzabcdefghigklmnopqrstuvxyz").normalize())
+            .stderr("");
+    });
+}
+
+#[test]
+#[serial]
+fn s_flag_respected_with_paging_always() {
+    mocked_pagers::with_mocked_versions_of_more_and_most_in_path(|| {
+        bat()
+            .arg("--pager=cat")
+            .arg("--paging=always")
+            .arg("-S")
+            .arg("--color=never")
+            .arg("--decorations=never")
+            .arg("--style=plain")
+            .write_stdin("abcdefghigklmnopqrstuvxyzabcdefghigklmnopqrstuvxyzabcdefghigklmnopqrstuvxyzabcdefghigklmnopqrstuvxyz\n")
+            .assert()
+            .success()
+            .stdout(predicate::str::contains("abcdefghigklmnopqrstuvxyzabcdefghigklmnopqrstuvxyzabcdefghigklmnopqrstuvxyzabcdefghigklmnopqrstuvxyz").normalize())
+            .stderr("");
+    });
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn theme_arg_overrides_env() {
    bat()
@@ -3654,3 +3889,293 @@ fn plain_with_sized_terminal_width() {
        .stdout("hello \nworld\n")
        .stderr("");
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn quiet_empty_suppresses_output_on_empty_stdin() {
+    bat()
+        .arg("--quiet-empty")
+        .write_stdin("")
+        .assert()
+        .success()
+        .stdout("");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn quiet_empty_does_not_affect_non_empty_input() {
+    bat()
+        .arg("--quiet-empty")
+        .write_stdin("hello\n")
+        .assert()
+        .success()
+        .stdout("hello\n");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn quiet_empty_suppresses_output_on_empty_file() {
+    bat()
+        .arg("--quiet-empty")
+        .arg("empty.txt")
+        .assert()
+        .success()
+        .stdout("");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn cache_help_shows_help_message() {
+    // Test that `bat cache --help` works (fixes #3560)
+    // Run in cache_source directory which doesn't have a file named "cache"
+    bat_with_config()
+        .current_dir(Path::new(EXAMPLES_DIR).join("cache_source"))
+        .arg("cache")
+        .arg("--help")
+        .assert()
+        .success()
+        .stdout(predicate::str::contains(
+            "Modify the syntax-definition and theme cache",
+        ))
+        .stdout(predicate::str::contains("--build"))
+        .stdout(predicate::str::contains("--clear"));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn unbuffered_flag_is_accepted() {
+    bat()
+        .arg("--unbuffered")
+        .arg("test.txt")
+        .assert()
+        .success()
+        .stdout("hello world\n");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn unbuffered_mode_disables_line_numbers() {
+    // When --unbuffered is used, line numbers should be auto-disabled even if requested
+    bat()
+        .arg("--unbuffered")
+        .arg("--style=numbers")
+        .arg("--decorations=always")
+        .arg("--color=never")
+        .arg("test.txt")
+        .assert()
+        .success()
+        .stdout(predicate::str::starts_with("   1").not());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn unbuffered_mode_plain_output() {
+    bat()
+        .arg("--unbuffered")
+        .arg("--color=never")
+        .arg("--decorations=never")
+        .arg("test.txt")
+        .assert()
+        .success()
+        .stdout("hello world\n");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn word_wrap_breaks_at_word_boundaries() {
+    bat()
+        .arg("word-wrap.txt")
+        .arg("--wrap=word")
+        .arg("--terminal-width=40")
+        .arg("--style=plain")
+        .arg("--decorations=always")
+        .arg("--color=never")
+        .assert()
+        .success()
+        .stdout(
+            "\
+The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy
+dog and then runs away
+superlongwordthatdefinitelyexceedstheter
+minalwidthandshouldfallbacktocharacterwr
+apping
+short words here
+",
+        );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn word_wrap_with_line_numbers() {
+    bat()
+        .arg("word-wrap.txt")
+        .arg("--wrap=word")
+        .arg("--terminal-width=40")
+        .arg("--style=numbers")
+        .arg("--decorations=always")
+        .arg("--color=never")
+        .assert()
+        .success()
+        .stdout(
+            "   1 The quick brown fox jumps over the
+     lazy dog and then runs away
+   2 superlongwordthatdefinitelyexceedst
+     heterminalwidthandshouldfallbacktoc
+     haracterwrapping
+   3 short words here
+",
+        );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn word_wrap_short_line_no_wrap() {
+    bat()
+        .arg("--wrap=word")
+        .arg("--terminal-width=80")
+        .arg("--style=plain")
+        .arg("--decorations=always")
+        .arg("--color=never")
+        .arg("single-line.txt")
+        .assert()
+        .success()
+        .stdout("Single Line\n");
+}
+
+#[cfg(unix)]
+#[cfg(feature = "git")]
+fn setup_diff_test_repo() -> tempfile::TempDir {
+    use std::process::Command;
+
+    let dir = tempfile::tempdir().expect("can create temporary directory");
+    let repo = dir.path();
+
+    // Initialize a git repo and commit a file
+    Command::new("git")
+        .args(["init"])
+        .current_dir(repo)
+        .output()
+        .expect("git init");
+
+    Command::new("git")
+        .args(["config", "user.email", "test@test.com"])
+        .current_dir(repo)
+        .output()
+        .expect("git config email");
+
+    Command::new("git")
+        .args(["config", "user.name", "Test"])
+        .current_dir(repo)
+        .output()
+        .expect("git config name");
+
+    std::fs::write(repo.join("test.txt"), "line 1\nline 2\nline 3\n").expect("can write test file");
+
+    Command::new("git")
+        .args(["add", "test.txt"])
+        .current_dir(repo)
+        .output()
+        .expect("git add");
+
+    Command::new("git")
+        .args(["commit", "-m", "initial"])
+        .current_dir(repo)
+        .output()
+        .expect("git commit");
+
+    // Modify the file so --diff has something to show
+    std::fs::write(
+        repo.join("test.txt"),
+        "line 1\nline 2 modified\nline 3\nline 4 added\n",
+    )
+    .expect("can write modified test file");
+
+    dir
+}
+
+#[cfg(unix)]
+#[cfg(feature = "git")]
+#[test]
+fn diff_plain_preserves_change_markers() {
+    let repo = setup_diff_test_repo();
+
+    // With --diff --plain, output should contain the change marker column
+    // but not other decorations like line numbers or grid
+    let output = bat()
+        .current_dir(repo.path())
+        .arg("--diff")
+        .arg("--plain")
+        .arg("--color=never")
+        .arg("--decorations=always")
+        .arg("test.txt")
+        .assert()
+        .success()
+        .get_output()
+        .stdout
+        .clone();
+
+    let stdout = std::str::from_utf8(&output).expect("valid utf-8");
+
+    // The output should contain the modified and added lines
+    assert!(
+        stdout.contains("line 2 modified"),
+        "diff plain output should contain modified line, got: {stdout}"
+    );
+    assert!(
+        stdout.contains("line 4 added"),
+        "diff plain output should contain added line, got: {stdout}"
+    );
+
+    // Should NOT contain line numbers (a decoration that --plain disables)
+    assert!(
+        !stdout.contains("   1"),
+        "diff plain output should not contain line numbers, got: {stdout}"
+    );
+}
+
+#[cfg(unix)]
+#[cfg(feature = "git")]
+#[test]
+fn diff_plain_does_not_show_grid_or_header() {
+    let repo = setup_diff_test_repo();
+
+    let output = bat()
+        .current_dir(repo.path())
+        .arg("--diff")
+        .arg("--plain")
+        .arg("--color=never")
+        .arg("--decorations=always")
+        .arg("--terminal-width=80")
+        .arg("test.txt")
+        .assert()
+        .success()
+        .get_output()
+        .stdout
+        .clone();
+
+    let stdout = std::str::from_utf8(&output).expect("valid utf-8");
+
+    // Grid lines use box-drawing characters
+    assert!(
+        !stdout.contains('─'),
+        "diff plain output should not contain grid lines, got: {stdout}"
+    );
+    assert!(
+        !stdout.contains('│'),
+        "diff plain output should not contain grid separators, got: {stdout}"
+    );
+
+    // Header shows "File: <filename>"
+    assert!(
+        !stdout.contains("File:"),
+        "diff plain output should not contain file header, got: {stdout}"
+    );
+}
+
+#[cfg(unix)]
+#[cfg(feature = "git")]
+#[test]
+fn plain_without_diff_still_works() {
+    let repo = setup_diff_test_repo();
+
+    // --plain without --diff should output file content with no decorations at all
+    bat()
+        .current_dir(repo.path())
+        .arg("--plain")
+        .arg("--color=never")
+        .arg("--decorations=always")
+        .arg("test.txt")
+        .assert()
+        .success()
+        .stdout("line 1\nline 2 modified\nline 3\nline 4 added\n");
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+[38;2;249;38;114mIDENTIFICATION DIVISION[0m[38;2;248;248;242m.[0m
+[38;2;249;38;114mPROGRAM-ID[0m[38;2;248;248;242m. [0m[38;2;248;248;242mPAYROLL-CALC[0m[38;2;248;248;242m.[0m
+
+[38;2;249;38;114mDATA DIVISION[0m[38;2;248;248;242m.[0m
+[38;2;249;38;114mWORKING-STORAGE SECTION[0m[38;2;248;248;242m.[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m    [0m[38;2;190;132;255m01[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [0m[38;2;248;248;242mEMPLOYEE-DETAILS[0m[38;2;248;248;242m.[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m        [0m[38;2;190;132;255m05[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [0m[38;2;248;248;242mEMPLOYEE-NAME[0m[38;2;248;248;242m      [0m[3;38;2;102;217;239mPIC X(30).[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m        [0m[38;2;190;132;255m05[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [0m[38;2;248;248;242mHOURS-WORKED[0m[38;2;248;248;242m       [0m[3;38;2;102;217;239mPIC 99V9[0m[38;2;248;248;242m.[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m        [0m[38;2;190;132;255m05[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [0m[38;2;248;248;242mHOURLY-RATE[0m[38;2;248;248;242m        [0m[3;38;2;102;217;239mPIC 99V99[0m[38;2;248;248;242m.[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m    [0m[38;2;190;132;255m01[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [0m[38;2;248;248;242mPAY-CALCULATIONS[0m[38;2;248;248;242m.[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m        [0m[38;2;190;132;255m05[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [0m[38;2;248;248;242mGROSS-PAY[0m[38;2;248;248;242m          [0m[3;38;2;102;217;239mPIC 9(5)V99.[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m        [0m[38;2;190;132;255m05[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [0m[38;2;248;248;242mOVERTIME-HOURS[0m[38;2;248;248;242m     [0m[3;38;2;102;217;239mPIC 99V9[0m[38;2;248;248;242m.[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m        [0m[38;2;190;132;255m05[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [0m[38;2;248;248;242mOVERTIME-PAY[0m[38;2;248;248;242m       [0m[3;38;2;102;217;239mPIC 9(5)V99.[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m        [0m[38;2;190;132;255m05[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [0m[38;2;248;248;242mTAX-RATE[0m[38;2;248;248;242m           [0m[3;38;2;102;217;239mPIC V99[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [0m[38;2;249;38;114mVALUE[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [0m[38;2;190;132;255m0.10[0m[38;2;248;248;242m.[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m        [0m[38;2;190;132;255m05[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [0m[38;2;248;248;242mTAX-AMOUNT[0m[38;2;248;248;242m         [0m[3;38;2;102;217;239mPIC 9(5)V99.[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m        [0m[38;2;190;132;255m05[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [0m[38;2;248;248;242mNET-PAY[0m[38;2;248;248;242m            [0m[3;38;2;102;217;239mPIC 9(5)V99.[0m
+
+[38;2;249;38;114mPROCEDURE DIVISION[0m[38;2;248;248;242m.[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242mMAIN-LOGIC[0m[38;2;248;248;242m.[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m    [0m[38;2;249;38;114mDISPLAY[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [0m[38;2;230;219;116m"[0m[38;2;230;219;116m--- COBOL Payroll Calculator ---[0m[38;2;230;219;116m"[0m[38;2;248;248;242m.[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m    [0m[38;2;249;38;114mDISPLAY[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [0m[38;2;230;219;116m"[0m[38;2;230;219;116mEnter Employee Name: [0m[38;2;230;219;116m"[0m[38;2;248;248;242m.[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m    [0m[38;2;249;38;114mACCEPT[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [0m[38;2;248;248;242mEMPLOYEE-NAME[0m[38;2;248;248;242m.[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m    [0m[38;2;249;38;114mDISPLAY[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [0m[38;2;230;219;116m"[0m[38;2;230;219;116mEnter Hours Worked (e.g., 40.5): [0m[38;2;230;219;116m"[0m[38;2;248;248;242m.[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m    [0m[38;2;249;38;114mACCEPT[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [0m[38;2;248;248;242mHOURS-WORKED[0m[38;2;248;248;242m.[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m    [0m[38;2;249;38;114mDISPLAY[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [0m[38;2;230;219;116m"[0m[38;2;230;219;116mEnter Hourly Rate (e.g., 15.75): [0m[38;2;230;219;116m"[0m[38;2;248;248;242m.[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m    [0m[38;2;249;38;114mACCEPT[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [0m[38;2;248;248;242mHOURLY-RATE[0m[38;2;248;248;242m.[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m    [0m[38;2;249;38;114mPERFORM[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [0m[38;2;248;248;242mCALCULATE-GROSS-PAY[0m[38;2;248;248;242m.[0m
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+
+[38;2;248;248;242m    [0m[38;2;249;38;114mSTOP RUN[0m[38;2;248;248;242m.[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242mCALCULATE-GROSS-PAY[0m[38;2;248;248;242m.[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m    [0m[38;2;249;38;114mIF[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [0m[38;2;248;248;242mHOURS-WORKED[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [0m[38;2;249;38;114m>[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [0m[38;2;190;132;255m40[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [0m[38;2;249;38;114mTHEN[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m        [0m[38;2;249;38;114mCOMPUTE[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [0m[38;2;248;248;242mOVERTIME-HOURS[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [0m[38;2;249;38;114m=[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [0m[38;2;248;248;242mHOURS-WORKED[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [0m[38;2;249;38;114m-[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [0m[38;2;190;132;255m40[0m
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+[38;2;248;248;242m        [0m[38;2;249;38;114mCOMPUTE[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [0m[38;2;248;248;242mGROSS-PAY[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [0m[38;2;249;38;114m=[0m[38;2;248;248;242m ([0m[38;2;190;132;255m40[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [0m[38;2;249;38;114m*[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [0m[38;2;248;248;242mHOURLY-RATE[0m[38;2;248;248;242m) [0m[38;2;249;38;114m+[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [0m[38;2;248;248;242mOVERTIME-PAY[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m    [0m[38;2;249;38;114mELSE[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m        [0m[38;2;249;38;114mCOMPUTE[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [0m[38;2;248;248;242mGROSS-PAY[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [0m[38;2;249;38;114m=[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [0m[38;2;248;248;242mHOURS-WORKED[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [0m[38;2;249;38;114m*[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [0m[38;2;248;248;242mHOURLY-RATE[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m    [0m[38;2;249;38;114mEND-IF[0m[38;2;248;248;242m.[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242mCALCULATE-TAX[0m[38;2;248;248;242m.[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m    [0m[38;2;249;38;114mCOMPUTE[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [0m[38;2;248;248;242mTAX-AMOUNT[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [0m[38;2;249;38;114m=[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [0m[38;2;248;248;242mGROSS-PAY[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [0m[38;2;249;38;114m*[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [0m[38;2;248;248;242mTAX-RATE[0m[38;2;248;248;242m.[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242mCALCULATE-NET-PAY[0m[38;2;248;248;242m.[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m    [0m[38;2;249;38;114mCOMPUTE[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [0m[38;2;248;248;242mNET-PAY[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [0m[38;2;249;38;114m=[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [0m[38;2;248;248;242mGROSS-PAY[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [0m[38;2;249;38;114m-[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [0m[38;2;248;248;242mTAX-AMOUNT[0m[38;2;248;248;242m.[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242mDISPLAY-RESULTS[0m[38;2;248;248;242m.[0m
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@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
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+[38;2;248;248;242m    [0m[38;2;249;38;114mEND-IF[0m[38;2;248;248;242m.[0m
+
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+[38;2;248;248;242m    [0m[38;2;249;38;114mCOMPUTE[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [0m[38;2;248;248;242mTAX-AMOUNT[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [0m[38;2;249;38;114m=[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [0m[38;2;248;248;242mGROSS-PAY[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [0m[38;2;249;38;114m*[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [0m[38;2;248;248;242mTAX-RATE[0m[38;2;248;248;242m.[0m
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+[38;2;248;248;242m    [0m[38;2;249;38;114mDISPLAY[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [0m[38;2;230;219;116m"[0m[38;2;230;219;116m----------------------------------[0m[38;2;230;219;116m"[0m[38;2;248;248;242m.[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m    [0m[38;2;249;38;114mDISPLAY[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [0m[38;2;230;219;116m"[0m[38;2;230;219;116mEmployee Name: [0m[38;2;230;219;116m"[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [0m[38;2;248;248;242mEMPLOYEE-NAME[0m[38;2;248;248;242m.[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m    [0m[38;2;249;38;114mDISPLAY[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [0m[38;2;230;219;116m"[0m[38;2;230;219;116mHours Worked:  [0m[38;2;230;219;116m"[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [0m[38;2;248;248;242mHOURS-WORKED[0m[38;2;248;248;242m.[0m
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+[38;2;248;248;242m    [0m[38;2;249;38;114mDISPLAY[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [0m[38;2;230;219;116m"[0m[38;2;230;219;116mTax (10%):     [0m[38;2;230;219;116m"[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [0m[38;2;248;248;242mTAX-AMOUNT[0m[38;2;248;248;242m.[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m    [0m[38;2;249;38;114mDISPLAY[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [0m[38;2;230;219;116m"[0m[38;2;230;219;116mNet Pay:       [0m[38;2;230;219;116m"[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [0m[38;2;248;248;242mNET-PAY[0m[38;2;248;248;242m.[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m    [0m[38;2;249;38;114mDISPLAY[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [0m[38;2;230;219;116m"[0m[38;2;230;219;116m----------------------------------[0m[38;2;230;219;116m"[0m[38;2;248;248;242m.[0m
@@ -0,0 +1,399 @@
+[38;2;190;132;255mUWSM[0m[38;2;249;38;114m([0m[38;2;230;219;116m1[0m[38;2;249;38;114m)[0m[38;2;248;248;242m                                 [0m[38;2;253;151;31mGeneral[0m[38;2;253;151;31m [0m[38;2;253;151;31mCommands[0m[38;2;253;151;31m [0m[38;2;253;151;31mManual[0m[38;2;248;248;242m                                [0m[38;2;190;132;255mUWSM[0m[38;2;249;38;114m([0m[38;2;230;219;116m1[0m[38;2;249;38;114m)[0m
+
+[38;2;253;151;31mNAME[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       UWSM - Universal Wayland Session Manager.[0m
+
+[38;2;253;151;31mSYNOPSIS[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       uwsm [0m[38;2;248;248;242m[[0m[38;2;166;226;46m-h[0m[38;2;249;38;114m|[0m[38;2;166;226;46m-v[0m[38;2;248;248;242m][0m[38;2;248;248;242m {subcommand} [0m[38;2;248;248;242m[[0m[38;2;248;248;242moptions ...[0m[38;2;248;248;242m][0m
+
+[38;2;253;151;31mDESCRIPTION[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       Launches arbitrary wayland compositor via a set of systemd user units to provide graphical user[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       session  with  environment  management, XDG autostart support, clean shutdown. Provides helpers[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       for launching applications as scopes or services.[0m
+
+[38;2;253;151;31mSUBCOMMANDS[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       select     Select default compositor Entry.[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       start      Start compositor and graphical session.[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       finalize   Send compositor-set variables and unit startup notification to systemd user manager.[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       stop       Stop graphical session and compositor.[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       app        Application unit launcher (with Desktop Entry support).[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       check      Perform state checks (for scripting and info).[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       aux        Technical functions for use inside units.[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m       See corresponding SUBCOMMANDS subsections below for further info.[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m       Help for each subcommand is accessible by running "uwsm {subcommand} [0m[38;2;166;226;46m-h[0m[38;2;248;248;242m".[0m
+
+[38;2;253;151;31mCONFIGURATION[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m   Files[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       In XDG config hierarchy:[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       uwsm/env[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       uwsm/env.d/*[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       uwsm/env-${compositor}[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       uwsm/env-${compositor}.d/*   Environment (shell) to  be  sourced  for  the  graphical  session.[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m                                    Sourced from directories of increasing priority, in each directory[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m                                    common  file is sourced first, then suffixed files in the order of[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m                                    items listed in XDG_CURRENT_SESSION var (lowercased).[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       uwsm/default-id              Stores Desktop Entry ID of default compositor.[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m       Fallback is also extended into the system part of XDG data hierarchy, this can be used for dis‐[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       tro level defaults.[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m   Environment vars[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       UWSM_UNIT_RUNG                  (run|home)[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m                                       Which rung of systemd/user/ hierarchy to manage generated  unit[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m                                       and drop-in files in: [0m[38;2;255;255;255m$[0m[38;2;190;132;255mXDG_RUNTIME_DIR[0m[38;2;248;248;242m or [0m[38;2;255;255;255m$[0m[38;2;190;132;255mXDG_CONFIG_HOME[0m[38;2;248;248;242m.[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       UWSM_TWEAKS                     (boolean value)[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m                                       Set  to  False  to  remove  and not generate tweak drop-ins for[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m                                       other software.[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       UWSM_FINALIZE_VARNAMES          (whitespace-separated names of env vars)[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m                                       Additional variables for "uwsm finalize".[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       UWSM_WAIT_VARNAMES              (whitespace-separated names of env vars)[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m                                       Variables to wait for in activation environment before proceed‐[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m                                       ing to graphical session (in addition to WAYLAND_DISPLAY).[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       UWSM_WAIT_VARNAMES_TIMEOUT      (int value)[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m                                       Seconds to wait for variables to appear in activation  environ‐[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m                                       ment. Essentially, startup timeout (default: 10).[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       UWSM_WAIT_VARNAMES_SETTLETIME   (float value)[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m                                       Seconds  to  pause  after all expected vars found in activation[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m                                       environment (default: 0.2).[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       UWSM_APP_UNIT_TYPE              (scope|service)[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m                                       Default unit type for launching apps (default: scope).[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       UWSM_SILENT_START               (int or boolean value)[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m                                       True or 1 to inhibit stdout messages from "uwsm  start".  2  to[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m                                       also inhibit warnings.[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       DEBUG                           (int or boolean value)[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m                                       True or positive number to dump debug info to stderr.[0m
+
+[38;2;253;151;31mOPERATION OVERVIEW[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m   Login Sequence Integration[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       uwsm  can  be  launched  by using conditional exec in shell profile to replace login shell (see[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       Shell Profile Integration section).[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m       Alternatively "uwsm start ..." command can be put into wayland session's Desktop  Entry  to  be[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       launched by a display manager (see Use Inside Desktop Entry section).[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m   Compositor Selection[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       uwsm  can  run arbitrary compositor command line or a Desktop Entry by ID (specifying Action ID[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       is also supported).[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m       Desktop Entry can also be selected via a whiptail menu (see select subcommand section).[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m   Startup[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       See start subcommand section for command syntax.[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m       UWSM uses a set of units bound to standard user session targets:[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m       •   wayland-session-pre@.target (bound to graphical-session-pre.target)[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m           •   wayland-wm-env@.service (environment preloader service)[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       •   wayland-session@.target (bound to graphical-session.target)[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m           •   wayland-wm@.service (service for the selected compositor)[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       •   wayland-session-xdg-autostart@.target (bound to xdg-desktop-autostart.target)[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       •   wayland-session-envelope@.target (lives through entire lifecycle)[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       •   wayland-session-shutdown.target (conflicts with targets above for shutdown)[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       •   wayland-session-bindpid@.service (PID-tracking session killswitch)[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       •   wayland-session-waitenv.service (delays graphical session until vars appear)[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m       Compositor ID (Desktop Entry ID or executable name) becomes the  specifier  for  all  templated[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       units.[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m       At  the  stage of graphical-session-pre.target, the environment saved from "uwsm start" context[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       is loaded (or POSIX shell profile is sourced), uwsm environment files are sourced. The delta is[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       exported to the systemd and D-Bus activation environments by the environment preloader  service[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       and  is  marked  for  cleanup  at  shutdown  stage. Preloader shell context for convenience has[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       IN_UWSM_ENV_PRELOADER var set to true.[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m       At the stage  of  graphical-session.target  (before  it)  the  main  compositor  unit  wayland-[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       wm@${ID}.service and wayland-session-waitenv.service are started.[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m       Compositor should at least put WAYLAND_DISPLAY variable to systemd activation environment. This[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       will  trigger  uwsm's automatic finalization logic. Without WAYLAND_DISPLAY in activation envi‐[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       ronment startup will timeout in 10 seconds.[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m       Manual finalization is possible by running "uwsm finalize" (see finalize  subcommand  section),[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       also  in  combination  with  tweaking UWSM_WAIT_VARNAMES and UWSM_WAIT_VARNAMES_SETTLETIME vars[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       (see Environment vars section).[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m       Successful activation of compositor unit and existence of WAYLAND_DISPLAY in  activation  envi‐[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       ronment will allow graphical-session.target to be declared reached.[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m       Finally, xdg-desktop-autostart.target is activated.[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m   Inside session[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       It  is  highly recommended to configure the compositor or app launcher to launch apps as scopes[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       or services in special user session slices (app.slice, background.slice,  session.slice).  uwsm[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       provides custom nested slices for apps to live in and be terminated on session end:[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       •   app-graphical.slice[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       •   background-graphical.slice[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       •   session-graphical.slice[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m       A  helper app subcommand is provided to handle all the systemd-run invocations for you (see app[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       subcommand section).[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m       The compositor is launched in session.slice by default (as recommended by [0m[38;2;166;226;46msystemd.[0m[38;2;166;226;46mspecial[0m[38;2;249;38;114m([0m[38;2;190;132;255m7[0m[38;2;249;38;114m)[0m[38;2;248;248;242m).[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m   Shutdown[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       Can be initiated by either:[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       •   running uwsm stop[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       •   stopping wayland-wm@*.service or wayland-session-envelope@*.target[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       •   starting wayland-session-shutdown.target[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m       Systemd stops all user units in reverse, as it usually does. During deactivation of  graphical-[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       session-pre.target,  the environment preloader service cleans activation environments by unset‐[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       ting all variables that were marked for removal during startup and finalization stages.[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m       Do not use compositor's native exit mechanism or kill its process directly.[0m
+
+[38;2;253;151;31mSUBCOMMANDS[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m   select[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       Selects default wayland session compositor Desktop Entry.[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m           uwsm select[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m       Invokes a whiptail menu to select default session among Desktop Entries in wayland-sessions XDG[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       data hierarchy. Writes to ${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/uwsm/default-id. Nothing else is done.  Returns  1[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       if selection is cancelled. Can be used for scripting launch condition in shell profile.[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m   check[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       Performs tests, returns 0 on success, 1 on failure.[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m       is-active:[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m           uwsm check is-active [[0m[38;2;166;226;46m-h[0m[38;2;248;248;242m] [[0m[38;2;166;226;46m-v[0m[38;2;248;248;242m] [compositor][0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m           [0m[38;2;166;226;46m-v[0m[38;2;248;248;242m           show additional info[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m           compositor   check for specific compositor[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m       Checks  if  unit of specific compositor or graphical-session*.target in general is in active or[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       activating state.[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m       may-start:[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m           uwsm check may-start [[0m[38;2;166;226;46m-h[0m[38;2;248;248;242m] [[0m[38;2;166;226;46m-g[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [S]] [[0m[38;2;166;226;46m-v[0m[38;2;248;248;242m|[0m[38;2;166;226;46m-q[0m[38;2;248;248;242m] [N ...][0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m           N ...   allowed VT numbers (default: 1)[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m           [0m[38;2;166;226;46m-g[0m[38;2;248;248;242m S    wait S seconds for graphical.target in queue  (default:  60;  0  or  less  disables[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m                   check).[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m           [0m[38;2;166;226;46m-i[0m[38;2;248;248;242m      do not check for login shell[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m           [0m[38;2;166;226;46m-r[0m[38;2;248;248;242m      do not check for local session (allow remote session)[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m           [0m[38;2;166;226;46m-v[0m[38;2;248;248;242m      show all failed tests[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m           [0m[38;2;166;226;46m-q[0m[38;2;248;248;242m      be quiet[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m       Checks whether it is OK to launch a wayland session via the following conditions:[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       •   DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS is set[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       •   Running from login shell[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       •   System is at graphical.target[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       •   User graphical-session*.target units are not yet active[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       •   Foreground VT is among allowed (default: 1)[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       •   Login session's VT is matching[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m   start[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       Generates units for given compositor command line or Desktop Entry and starts them.[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m           uwsm  start  [[0m[38;2;166;226;46m-h[0m[38;2;248;248;242m]  [[0m[38;2;166;226;46m-D[0m[38;2;248;248;242m  name[:name...]] [[0m[38;2;166;226;46m-a[0m[38;2;248;248;242m|[0m[38;2;166;226;46m-e[0m[38;2;248;248;242m] [[0m[38;2;166;226;46m-N[0m[38;2;248;248;242m Name] [[0m[38;2;166;226;46m-C[0m[38;2;248;248;242m Comment] [[0m[38;2;166;226;46m-U[0m[38;2;248;248;242m {run|home}] [[0m[38;2;166;226;46m-t[0m[38;2;248;248;242m][0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m           [[0m[38;2;166;226;46m-o[0m[38;2;248;248;242m] [[0m[38;2;166;226;46m-n[0m[38;2;248;248;242m] -- compositor [args ...][0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m           [0m[38;2;166;226;46m-F[0m[38;2;248;248;242m                  Hardcode mode, always write command line to unit drop-ins and use  full[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m                               paths.[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m           [0m[38;2;166;226;46m-D[0m[38;2;248;248;242m name[:name...]   Names to fill XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP with (:[0m[38;2;166;226;46m-separated[0m[38;2;248;248;242m). Existing var con‐[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m                               tent is a starting point if no active session is running.[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m           [0m[38;2;166;226;46m-a[0m[38;2;248;248;242m                  Append desktop names set by [0m[38;2;166;226;46m-D[0m[38;2;248;248;242m to other sources (default).[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m           [0m[38;2;166;226;46m-e[0m[38;2;248;248;242m                  Use desktop names set by [0m[38;2;166;226;46m-D[0m[38;2;248;248;242m exclusively, discard other sources.[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m           [0m[38;2;166;226;46m-N[0m[38;2;248;248;242m Name             Fancy name for compositor (filled from Desktop Entry by default).[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m           [0m[38;2;166;226;46m-C[0m[38;2;248;248;242m Comment          Fancy  description  for  compositor  (filled  from Desktop Entry by de‐[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m                               fault).[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m           [0m[38;2;166;226;46m-U[0m[38;2;248;248;242m {run|home}       Select  rung  for  generated  unit  files:  run:  [0m[38;2;255;255;255m$[0m[38;2;190;132;255mXDG_RUNTIME_DIR[0m[38;2;248;248;242m/sys‐[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m                               temd/user  (default), or home: [0m[38;2;255;255;255m$[0m[38;2;190;132;255mXDG_CONFIG_HOME[0m[38;2;248;248;242m/systemd/user. Permanent[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m                               destination will save some time by removing need for reloading systemd.[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m                               Managed files from other rung will  be  removed.  Can  be  preset  with[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m                               UWSM_UNIT_RUNG environment var.[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m           [0m[38;2;166;226;46m-t[0m[38;2;248;248;242m                  Do  not  generate  (and  remove)  tweak  unit files. Can be preset with[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m                               UWSM_TWEAKS=false environment var.[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m           [0m[38;2;166;226;46m-T[0m[38;2;248;248;242m                  Generate tweak unit files for other software. This is default behavior.[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m           [0m[38;2;166;226;46m-g[0m[38;2;248;248;242m S                Wait for S seconds for system graphical.target in  queue  and  warn  if[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m                               timed out or not in queue (default: 60, negative to disable).[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m           [0m[38;2;166;226;46m-G[0m[38;2;248;248;242m S                Wait  for  S  seconds for system graphical.target in queue and abort if[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m                               timed out or not in queue (overrides [0m[38;2;166;226;46m-g[0m[38;2;248;248;242m, default: [0m[38;2;166;226;46m-1[0m[38;2;248;248;242m, (disabled)).[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m           [0m[38;2;166;226;46m-o[0m[38;2;248;248;242m                  Only generate units, but do not start.[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m           [0m[38;2;166;226;46m-n[0m[38;2;248;248;242m                  Dry run, do not write or start anything.[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m       The first argument of the compositor command line acts as an ID and should be either one of:[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       •   Executable name[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       •   Desktop Entry ID (optionally with ":"[0m[38;2;166;226;46m-delimited[0m[38;2;248;248;242m action ID)[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       •   Special value:[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m           •   select - invoke menu to select compositor.[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m           •   default - run previously selected compositor (or select if no selection was saved).[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m       If given as path, hardcode mode will be used implicitly.[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m       Always use "--" to disambiguate dashed arguments intended for compositor itself.[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m       After units are (re)generated, wayland-session-bindpid@${PID}.service is started, to track  the[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       PID  of  invoking  uwsm, then uwsm process replaces itself with systemctl execution that starts[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       wayland-wm@${ID}.service and waits for it to finish.[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m       In order to complete the startup sequence, the compositor has to put WAYLAND_DISPLAY  into  the[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       systemd  activation environment. This can be done explicitly by making compositor run "uwsm fi‐[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       nalize" command (see the next subsection).[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m   finalize[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       For running by a compositor on startup.[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m           uwsm finalize [[0m[38;2;166;226;46m-h[0m[38;2;248;248;242m] [VAR_NAME ...][0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m       Exports WAYLAND_DISPLAY, DISPLAY and any defined vars mentioned by names  in  arguments  or  in[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       UWSM_FINALIZE_VARNAMES variable (whitespace-separated). Then sends startup notification for the[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       unit to systemd user manager.[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m       This  is required if compositor itself does not put WAYLAND_DISPLAY to systemd activation envi‐[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       ronment, otherwise wayland-session@.service unit or a dedicated wayland-session-waitenv.service[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       unit will terminate due to startup timeout.[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m       UWSM_FINALIZE_VARNAMES variable can be prefilled by plugins.[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m       Direct assignment as VAR_NAME=value is also possible, but recommended only for  creating  flags[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       for UWSM_WAIT_VARNAMES mechanism.[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m   stop[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       Stops compositor and optionally removes generated units.[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m           uwsm stop [[0m[38;2;166;226;46m-h[0m[38;2;248;248;242m] [[0m[38;2;166;226;46m-r[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [compositor] [[0m[38;2;166;226;46m-U[0m[38;2;248;248;242m {run|home}] [[0m[38;2;166;226;46m-n[0m[38;2;248;248;242m][0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m           [0m[38;2;166;226;46m-r[0m[38;2;248;248;242m [compositor]   Also remove units (all or only compositor-specific).[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m           [0m[38;2;166;226;46m-U[0m[38;2;248;248;242m {run|home}     Select  rung for generated unit files: run: [0m[38;2;255;255;255m$[0m[38;2;190;132;255mXDG_RUNTIME_DIR[0m[38;2;248;248;242m/systemd/user[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m                             (default), or home: [0m[38;2;255;255;255m$[0m[38;2;190;132;255mXDG_CONFIG_HOME[0m[38;2;248;248;242m/systemd/user. Permanent  destination[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m                             will save some time by removing need for reloading systemd. Managed files[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m                             from  other rung will be removed. Can be preset with UWSM_UNIT_RUNG envi‐[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m                             ronment var.[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m           [0m[38;2;166;226;46m-n[0m[38;2;248;248;242m                Dry run, do not stop or remove anything.[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m   app[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       Application-to-unit launcher with Desktop Entry support.[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m           uwsm app [[0m[38;2;166;226;46m-h[0m[38;2;248;248;242m] [[0m[38;2;166;226;46m-s[0m[38;2;248;248;242m {a,b,s,custom.slice}] [[0m[38;2;166;226;46m-t[0m[38;2;248;248;242m {scope,service}] [[0m[38;2;166;226;46m-a[0m[38;2;248;248;242m app_name]  [[0m[38;2;166;226;46m-u[0m[38;2;248;248;242m  unit_name][0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m           [[0m[38;2;166;226;46m-d[0m[38;2;248;248;242m unit_description] [[0m[38;2;166;226;46m-S[0m[38;2;248;248;242m ] [[0m[38;2;166;226;46m-T[0m[38;2;248;248;242m] -- application [args ...][0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m           [0m[38;2;166;226;46m-s[0m[38;2;248;248;242m {a,b,s,custom.slice}   Slice selector (default: a):[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m                                        a - app-graphical.slice[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m                                        b - background-graphical.slice[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m                                        s - session-graphical.slice[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m                                        any slice by full name[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m           [0m[38;2;166;226;46m-t[0m[38;2;248;248;242m {scope,service}        Type  of  unit  to  launch  (default:  scope,  can  be  preset by[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m                                     UWSM_APP_UNIT_TYPE env var).[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m           [0m[38;2;166;226;46m-a[0m[38;2;248;248;242m app_name               Override app name (a substring in unit name).[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m           [0m[38;2;166;226;46m-u[0m[38;2;248;248;242m unit_name              Override the whole autogenerated unit name.[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m           [0m[38;2;166;226;46m-d[0m[38;2;248;248;242m unit_description       Unit Description.[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m           [0m[38;2;166;226;46m-p[0m[38;2;248;248;242m Property=value         Set additional unit property (option is repeatable).[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m           [0m[38;2;166;226;46m-S[0m[38;2;248;248;242m {out,err,both}         Silence stdout, stderr, or both.[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m           [0m[38;2;166;226;46m-T[0m[38;2;248;248;242m                        Launch app in a terminal. Allows command  to  be  empty  to  just[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m                                     launch a terminal.[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m       Application  can  be  provided as a command with optional arguments, or a Desktop Entry ID, op‐[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       tionally suffixed with ":"[0m[38;2;166;226;46m-delimited[0m[38;2;248;248;242m Action ID. If Desktop Entry is being  launched,  arguments[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       should be compatible with it.[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m       Always use "--" to disambiguate dashed arguments intended for application itself.[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m   aux[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       For use in systemd user services. Can only be called by systemd user manager.[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m       prepare-env   Prepares  environment  (for  use in ExecStart in wayland-wm-env@.service bound to[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m                     wayland-session-pre@.target).[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       cleanup-env   Cleans up environment (for use ExecStop in in  wayland-wm-env@.service  bound  to[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m                     wayland-session-pre@.target).[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       exec          Executes a command with arguments or a desktop entry (for use in Exec in wayland-[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m                     wm@.service bound to wayland-session@.target).[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       app-daemon    Daemon for faster app argument generation, used by uwsm-app client.[0m
+
+[38;2;253;151;31mAPP DAEMON[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       Provided as wayland-wm-app-daemon.service to be started on-demand.[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m       Daemon  receives app arguments from ${XDG_RUNTIME_DIR}/uwsm-app-daemon-in pipe. Resulting argu‐[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       ments are formatted as shell code and written to ${XDG_RUNTIME_DIR}/uwsm-app-daemon-out pipe.[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m       Arguments are expected to be \0-delimited, leading \0 are stripped. One command is received per[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       write+close.[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m       The first argument determines the behavior:[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m       •   app  the rest is processed the same as in "uwsm app"[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       •   ping just "pong" is returnedn[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       •   stop daemon is stoppedn[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m       Single commands are prepended with exec, iterated commands are assembled with trailing &  each,[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       followed by wait.[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m       The  purpose  of  all this is to skip all the expensive Python startup and import routines that[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       slow things down every time "uwsm app" is called. Instead the daemon does it once and then lis‐[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       tens for requests, while a simple shell script may dump arguments to one pipe and run the  code[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       received from another via eval, which is much faster.[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m       The simplest script is:[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m                #!/bin/sh[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m                printf '0%s' app "$@" > "${XDG_RUNTIME_DIR}/uwsm-app-daemon-in"[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m                IFS='' read [0m[38;2;166;226;46m-r[0m[38;2;248;248;242m cmd < "${XDG_RUNTIME_DIR}/uwsm-app-daemon-out"[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m                eval "[0m[38;2;255;255;255m$[0m[38;2;190;132;255mcmd[0m[38;2;248;248;242m"[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m       Provided  uwsm-app  client  script is a bit smarter: it can start the daemon, applies timeouts,[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       and supports newlines in returned args.[0m
+
+[38;2;253;151;31mSHELL PROFILE INTEGRATION[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       To launch uwsm automatically on login, add one of constructs below (or similar) to  shell  pro‐[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       file.[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m       This asks to select a compositor (or refuse and continue with login shell) when logged in on VT[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       1:[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m                if uwsm check may-start && uwsm select; then[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m                     exec systemd-cat [0m[38;2;166;226;46m-t[0m[38;2;248;248;242m uwsm_start uwsm start default[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m                fi[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m       This just starts a specific compositor depending on foreground VT:[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m                if uwsm check may-start 1; then[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m                     exec systemd-cat [0m[38;2;166;226;46m-t[0m[38;2;248;248;242m uwsm_start uwsm start sway.desktop[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m                elif uwsm check may-start 2; then[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m                     exec systemd-cat [0m[38;2;166;226;46m-t[0m[38;2;248;248;242m uwsm_start uwsm start labwc.desktop[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m                fi[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m       Using  "uwsm  check  may-start"  as  a  condition  is essential, not only to prevent accidental[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       startup attempts where they are not expected, but also since startup may involve sourcing shell[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       profile, which might lead to nasty loops.[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m       See check subcommand section for info on may-start checker.[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m       exec allows uwsm to replace login shell in order to properly bind to user  session  and  handle[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       session termination.[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m       "systemd-cat  [0m[38;2;166;226;46m-t[0m[38;2;248;248;242m uwsm_start" (optional) executes the command given to it (uwsm) with its stdout[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       and stderr connected to the systemd journal, tagged with identifier "uwsm_start". See  systemd-[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       [0m[38;2;166;226;46mcat[0m[38;2;249;38;114m([0m[38;2;190;132;255m1[0m[38;2;249;38;114m)[0m[38;2;248;248;242m for more options.[0m
+
+[38;2;253;151;31mUSE INSIDE DESKTOP ENTRY[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       To  launch  uwsm from a display/login manager, "uwsm start" can be used inside Desktop Entries.[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       Example /usr/local/share/wayland-sessions/my-compositor.desktop:[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m                [Desktop Entry][0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m                Name=My compositor (with UWSM)[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m                Comment=My cool compositor[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m                Exec=uwsm start [0m[38;2;166;226;46m-N[0m[38;2;248;248;242m "My compositor" [0m[38;2;166;226;46m-D[0m[38;2;248;248;242m mycompositor [0m[38;2;166;226;46m-C[0m[38;2;248;248;242m "My cool compositor" mywm[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m                DesktopNames=mycompositor[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m                Type=Application[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m       Things to keep in mind:[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m       •   For consistency, command line arguments should mirror the keys of the entry[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       •   Command in Exec= should start with "uwsm start"[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       •   It should not point to itself (as a combination of Desktop Entry ID and Action ID)[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       •   It should not point to a Desktop Entry ID and Action ID that also uses ‘uwsm‘[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m       Potentially such entries may be found and used by uwsm itself, i.e. in shell  profile  integra‐[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       tion  situation,  or  when  launched manually. Following the principles above ensures uwsm will[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       properly recognize itself and parse requested arguments inside the entry without any  side  ef‐[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       fects.[0m
+
+[38;2;253;151;31mSEE ALSO[0m
+[38;2;248;248;242m       [0m[38;2;166;226;46muwsm-plugins[0m[38;2;249;38;114m([0m[38;2;190;132;255m3[0m[38;2;249;38;114m)[0m[38;2;248;248;242m, [0m[38;2;166;226;46msystemd-run[0m[38;2;249;38;114m([0m[38;2;190;132;255m1[0m[38;2;249;38;114m)[0m[38;2;248;248;242m, [0m[38;2;166;226;46msystemd-cat[0m[38;2;249;38;114m([0m[38;2;190;132;255m1[0m[38;2;249;38;114m)[0m[38;2;248;248;242m, [0m[38;2;166;226;46msystemd.[0m[38;2;166;226;46mspecial[0m[38;2;249;38;114m([0m[38;2;190;132;255m7[0m[38;2;249;38;114m)[0m
+
+[38;2;248;248;242m                                              2026-02-14                                       [0m[38;2;166;226;46mUWSM[0m[38;2;249;38;114m([0m[38;2;190;132;255m1[0m[38;2;249;38;114m)[0m
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
+PROGRAM-ID. PAYROLL-CALC.
+
+DATA DIVISION.
+WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
+    01 EMPLOYEE-DETAILS.
+        05 EMPLOYEE-NAME      PIC X(30).
+        05 HOURS-WORKED       PIC 99V9.
+        05 HOURLY-RATE        PIC 99V99.
+    01 PAY-CALCULATIONS.
+        05 GROSS-PAY          PIC 9(5)V99.
+        05 OVERTIME-HOURS     PIC 99V9.
+        05 OVERTIME-PAY       PIC 9(5)V99.
+        05 TAX-RATE           PIC V99 VALUE 0.10.
+        05 TAX-AMOUNT         PIC 9(5)V99.
+        05 NET-PAY            PIC 9(5)V99.
+
+PROCEDURE DIVISION.
+MAIN-LOGIC.
+    DISPLAY "--- COBOL Payroll Calculator ---".
+
+    DISPLAY "Enter Employee Name: ".
+    ACCEPT EMPLOYEE-NAME.
+
+    DISPLAY "Enter Hours Worked (e.g., 40.5): ".
+    ACCEPT HOURS-WORKED.
+
+    DISPLAY "Enter Hourly Rate (e.g., 15.75): ".
+    ACCEPT HOURLY-RATE.
+
+    PERFORM CALCULATE-GROSS-PAY.
+    PERFORM CALCULATE-TAX.
+    PERFORM CALCULATE-NET-PAY.
+    PERFORM DISPLAY-RESULTS.
+
+    STOP RUN.
+
+CALCULATE-GROSS-PAY.
+    IF HOURS-WORKED > 40 THEN
+        COMPUTE OVERTIME-HOURS = HOURS-WORKED - 40
+        COMPUTE OVERTIME-PAY = OVERTIME-HOURS * HOURLY-RATE * 1.5
+        COMPUTE GROSS-PAY = (40 * HOURLY-RATE) + OVERTIME-PAY
+    ELSE
+        COMPUTE GROSS-PAY = HOURS-WORKED * HOURLY-RATE
+    END-IF.
+
+CALCULATE-TAX.
+    COMPUTE TAX-AMOUNT = GROSS-PAY * TAX-RATE.
+
+CALCULATE-NET-PAY.
+    COMPUTE NET-PAY = GROSS-PAY - TAX-AMOUNT.
+
+DISPLAY-RESULTS.
+    DISPLAY "----------------------------------".
+    DISPLAY "Employee Name: " EMPLOYEE-NAME.
+    DISPLAY "Hours Worked:  " HOURS-WORKED.
+    DISPLAY "Hourly Rate:   " HOURLY-RATE.
+    DISPLAY "Gross Pay:     " GROSS-PAY.
+    DISPLAY "Tax (10%):     " TAX-AMOUNT.
+    DISPLAY "Net Pay:       " NET-PAY.
+    DISPLAY "----------------------------------".
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
+PROGRAM-ID. PAYROLL-CALC.
+
+DATA DIVISION.
+WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
+    01 EMPLOYEE-DETAILS.
+        05 EMPLOYEE-NAME      PIC X(30).
+        05 HOURS-WORKED       PIC 99V9.
+        05 HOURLY-RATE        PIC 99V99.
+    01 PAY-CALCULATIONS.
+        05 GROSS-PAY          PIC 9(5)V99.
+        05 OVERTIME-HOURS     PIC 99V9.
+        05 OVERTIME-PAY       PIC 9(5)V99.
+        05 TAX-RATE           PIC V99 VALUE 0.10.
+        05 TAX-AMOUNT         PIC 9(5)V99.
+        05 NET-PAY            PIC 9(5)V99.
+
+PROCEDURE DIVISION.
+MAIN-LOGIC.
+    DISPLAY "--- COBOL Payroll Calculator ---".
+
+    DISPLAY "Enter Employee Name: ".
+    ACCEPT EMPLOYEE-NAME.
+
+    DISPLAY "Enter Hours Worked (e.g., 40.5): ".
+    ACCEPT HOURS-WORKED.
+
+    DISPLAY "Enter Hourly Rate (e.g., 15.75): ".
+    ACCEPT HOURLY-RATE.
+
+    PERFORM CALCULATE-GROSS-PAY.
+    PERFORM CALCULATE-TAX.
+    PERFORM CALCULATE-NET-PAY.
+    PERFORM DISPLAY-RESULTS.
+
+    STOP RUN.
+
+CALCULATE-GROSS-PAY.
+    IF HOURS-WORKED > 40 THEN
+        COMPUTE OVERTIME-HOURS = HOURS-WORKED - 40
+        COMPUTE OVERTIME-PAY = OVERTIME-HOURS * HOURLY-RATE * 1.5
+        COMPUTE GROSS-PAY = (40 * HOURLY-RATE) + OVERTIME-PAY
+    ELSE
+        COMPUTE GROSS-PAY = HOURS-WORKED * HOURLY-RATE
+    END-IF.
+
+CALCULATE-TAX.
+    COMPUTE TAX-AMOUNT = GROSS-PAY * TAX-RATE.
+
+CALCULATE-NET-PAY.
+    COMPUTE NET-PAY = GROSS-PAY - TAX-AMOUNT.
+
+DISPLAY-RESULTS.
+    DISPLAY "----------------------------------".
+    DISPLAY "Employee Name: " EMPLOYEE-NAME.
+    DISPLAY "Hours Worked:  " HOURS-WORKED.
+    DISPLAY "Hourly Rate:   " HOURLY-RATE.
+    DISPLAY "Gross Pay:     " GROSS-PAY.
+    DISPLAY "Tax (10%):     " TAX-AMOUNT.
+    DISPLAY "Net Pay:       " NET-PAY.
+    DISPLAY "----------------------------------".
@@ -0,0 +1,399 @@
+UWSM(1)                                 General Commands Manual                                UWSM(1)
+
+NAME
+       UWSM - Universal Wayland Session Manager.
+
+SYNOPSIS
+       uwsm [-h|-v] {subcommand} [options ...]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+       Launches arbitrary wayland compositor via a set of systemd user units to provide graphical user
+       session  with  environment  management, XDG autostart support, clean shutdown. Provides helpers
+       for launching applications as scopes or services.
+
+SUBCOMMANDS
+       select     Select default compositor Entry.
+       start      Start compositor and graphical session.
+       finalize   Send compositor-set variables and unit startup notification to systemd user manager.
+       stop       Stop graphical session and compositor.
+       app        Application unit launcher (with Desktop Entry support).
+       check      Perform state checks (for scripting and info).
+       aux        Technical functions for use inside units.
+
+       See corresponding SUBCOMMANDS subsections below for further info.
+
+       Help for each subcommand is accessible by running "uwsm {subcommand} -h".
+
+CONFIGURATION
+   Files
+       In XDG config hierarchy:
+       uwsm/env
+       uwsm/env.d/*
+       uwsm/env-${compositor}
+       uwsm/env-${compositor}.d/*   Environment (shell) to  be  sourced  for  the  graphical  session.
+                                    Sourced from directories of increasing priority, in each directory
+                                    common  file is sourced first, then suffixed files in the order of
+                                    items listed in XDG_CURRENT_SESSION var (lowercased).
+       uwsm/default-id              Stores Desktop Entry ID of default compositor.
+
+       Fallback is also extended into the system part of XDG data hierarchy, this can be used for dis‐
+       tro level defaults.
+
+   Environment vars
+       UWSM_UNIT_RUNG                  (run|home)
+                                       Which rung of systemd/user/ hierarchy to manage generated  unit
+                                       and drop-in files in: $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR or $XDG_CONFIG_HOME.
+       UWSM_TWEAKS                     (boolean value)
+                                       Set  to  False  to  remove  and not generate tweak drop-ins for
+                                       other software.
+       UWSM_FINALIZE_VARNAMES          (whitespace-separated names of env vars)
+                                       Additional variables for "uwsm finalize".
+       UWSM_WAIT_VARNAMES              (whitespace-separated names of env vars)
+                                       Variables to wait for in activation environment before proceed‐
+                                       ing to graphical session (in addition to WAYLAND_DISPLAY).
+       UWSM_WAIT_VARNAMES_TIMEOUT      (int value)
+                                       Seconds to wait for variables to appear in activation  environ‐
+                                       ment. Essentially, startup timeout (default: 10).
+       UWSM_WAIT_VARNAMES_SETTLETIME   (float value)
+                                       Seconds  to  pause  after all expected vars found in activation
+                                       environment (default: 0.2).
+       UWSM_APP_UNIT_TYPE              (scope|service)
+                                       Default unit type for launching apps (default: scope).
+       UWSM_SILENT_START               (int or boolean value)
+                                       True or 1 to inhibit stdout messages from "uwsm  start".  2  to
+                                       also inhibit warnings.
+       DEBUG                           (int or boolean value)
+                                       True or positive number to dump debug info to stderr.
+
+OPERATION OVERVIEW
+   Login Sequence Integration
+       uwsm  can  be  launched  by using conditional exec in shell profile to replace login shell (see
+       Shell Profile Integration section).
+
+       Alternatively "uwsm start ..." command can be put into wayland session's Desktop  Entry  to  be
+       launched by a display manager (see Use Inside Desktop Entry section).
+
+   Compositor Selection
+       uwsm  can  run arbitrary compositor command line or a Desktop Entry by ID (specifying Action ID
+       is also supported).
+
+       Desktop Entry can also be selected via a whiptail menu (see select subcommand section).
+
+   Startup
+       See start subcommand section for command syntax.
+
+       UWSM uses a set of units bound to standard user session targets:
+
+       •   wayland-session-pre@.target (bound to graphical-session-pre.target)
+           •   wayland-wm-env@.service (environment preloader service)
+       •   wayland-session@.target (bound to graphical-session.target)
+           •   wayland-wm@.service (service for the selected compositor)
+       •   wayland-session-xdg-autostart@.target (bound to xdg-desktop-autostart.target)
+       •   wayland-session-envelope@.target (lives through entire lifecycle)
+       •   wayland-session-shutdown.target (conflicts with targets above for shutdown)
+       •   wayland-session-bindpid@.service (PID-tracking session killswitch)
+       •   wayland-session-waitenv.service (delays graphical session until vars appear)
+
+       Compositor ID (Desktop Entry ID or executable name) becomes the  specifier  for  all  templated
+       units.
+
+       At  the  stage of graphical-session-pre.target, the environment saved from "uwsm start" context
+       is loaded (or POSIX shell profile is sourced), uwsm environment files are sourced. The delta is
+       exported to the systemd and D-Bus activation environments by the environment preloader  service
+       and  is  marked  for  cleanup  at  shutdown  stage. Preloader shell context for convenience has
+       IN_UWSM_ENV_PRELOADER var set to true.
+
+       At the stage  of  graphical-session.target  (before  it)  the  main  compositor  unit  wayland-
+       wm@${ID}.service and wayland-session-waitenv.service are started.
+
+       Compositor should at least put WAYLAND_DISPLAY variable to systemd activation environment. This
+       will  trigger  uwsm's automatic finalization logic. Without WAYLAND_DISPLAY in activation envi‐
+       ronment startup will timeout in 10 seconds.
+
+       Manual finalization is possible by running "uwsm finalize" (see finalize  subcommand  section),
+       also  in  combination  with  tweaking UWSM_WAIT_VARNAMES and UWSM_WAIT_VARNAMES_SETTLETIME vars
+       (see Environment vars section).
+
+       Successful activation of compositor unit and existence of WAYLAND_DISPLAY in  activation  envi‐
+       ronment will allow graphical-session.target to be declared reached.
+
+       Finally, xdg-desktop-autostart.target is activated.
+
+   Inside session
+       It  is  highly recommended to configure the compositor or app launcher to launch apps as scopes
+       or services in special user session slices (app.slice, background.slice,  session.slice).  uwsm
+       provides custom nested slices for apps to live in and be terminated on session end:
+       •   app-graphical.slice
+       •   background-graphical.slice
+       •   session-graphical.slice
+
+       A  helper app subcommand is provided to handle all the systemd-run invocations for you (see app
+       subcommand section).
+
+       The compositor is launched in session.slice by default (as recommended by systemd.special(7)).
+
+   Shutdown
+       Can be initiated by either:
+       •   running uwsm stop
+       •   stopping wayland-wm@*.service or wayland-session-envelope@*.target
+       •   starting wayland-session-shutdown.target
+
+       Systemd stops all user units in reverse, as it usually does. During deactivation of  graphical-
+       session-pre.target,  the environment preloader service cleans activation environments by unset‐
+       ting all variables that were marked for removal during startup and finalization stages.
+
+       Do not use compositor's native exit mechanism or kill its process directly.
+
+SUBCOMMANDS
+   select
+       Selects default wayland session compositor Desktop Entry.
+
+           uwsm select
+
+       Invokes a whiptail menu to select default session among Desktop Entries in wayland-sessions XDG
+       data hierarchy. Writes to ${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/uwsm/default-id. Nothing else is done.  Returns  1
+       if selection is cancelled. Can be used for scripting launch condition in shell profile.
+
+   check
+       Performs tests, returns 0 on success, 1 on failure.
+
+       is-active:
+
+           uwsm check is-active [-h] [-v] [compositor]
+
+           -v           show additional info
+           compositor   check for specific compositor
+
+       Checks  if  unit of specific compositor or graphical-session*.target in general is in active or
+       activating state.
+
+       may-start:
+
+           uwsm check may-start [-h] [-g [S]] [-v|-q] [N ...]
+
+           N ...   allowed VT numbers (default: 1)
+           -g S    wait S seconds for graphical.target in queue  (default:  60;  0  or  less  disables
+                   check).
+           -i      do not check for login shell
+           -r      do not check for local session (allow remote session)
+           -v      show all failed tests
+           -q      be quiet
+
+       Checks whether it is OK to launch a wayland session via the following conditions:
+       •   DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS is set
+       •   Running from login shell
+       •   System is at graphical.target
+       •   User graphical-session*.target units are not yet active
+       •   Foreground VT is among allowed (default: 1)
+       •   Login session's VT is matching
+
+   start
+       Generates units for given compositor command line or Desktop Entry and starts them.
+
+           uwsm  start  [-h]  [-D  name[:name...]] [-a|-e] [-N Name] [-C Comment] [-U {run|home}] [-t]
+           [-o] [-n] -- compositor [args ...]
+
+           -F                  Hardcode mode, always write command line to unit drop-ins and use  full
+                               paths.
+           -D name[:name...]   Names to fill XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP with (:-separated). Existing var con‐
+                               tent is a starting point if no active session is running.
+           -a                  Append desktop names set by -D to other sources (default).
+           -e                  Use desktop names set by -D exclusively, discard other sources.
+           -N Name             Fancy name for compositor (filled from Desktop Entry by default).
+           -C Comment          Fancy  description  for  compositor  (filled  from Desktop Entry by de‐
+                               fault).
+           -U {run|home}       Select  rung  for  generated  unit  files:  run:  $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/sys‐
+                               temd/user  (default), or home: $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/systemd/user. Permanent
+                               destination will save some time by removing need for reloading systemd.
+                               Managed files from other rung will  be  removed.  Can  be  preset  with
+                               UWSM_UNIT_RUNG environment var.
+           -t                  Do  not  generate  (and  remove)  tweak  unit files. Can be preset with
+                               UWSM_TWEAKS=false environment var.
+           -T                  Generate tweak unit files for other software. This is default behavior.
+           -g S                Wait for S seconds for system graphical.target in  queue  and  warn  if
+                               timed out or not in queue (default: 60, negative to disable).
+           -G S                Wait  for  S  seconds for system graphical.target in queue and abort if
+                               timed out or not in queue (overrides -g, default: -1, (disabled)).
+           -o                  Only generate units, but do not start.
+           -n                  Dry run, do not write or start anything.
+
+       The first argument of the compositor command line acts as an ID and should be either one of:
+       •   Executable name
+       •   Desktop Entry ID (optionally with ":"-delimited action ID)
+       •   Special value:
+           •   select - invoke menu to select compositor.
+           •   default - run previously selected compositor (or select if no selection was saved).
+
+       If given as path, hardcode mode will be used implicitly.
+
+       Always use "--" to disambiguate dashed arguments intended for compositor itself.
+
+       After units are (re)generated, wayland-session-bindpid@${PID}.service is started, to track  the
+       PID  of  invoking  uwsm, then uwsm process replaces itself with systemctl execution that starts
+       wayland-wm@${ID}.service and waits for it to finish.
+
+       In order to complete the startup sequence, the compositor has to put WAYLAND_DISPLAY  into  the
+       systemd  activation environment. This can be done explicitly by making compositor run "uwsm fi‐
+       nalize" command (see the next subsection).
+
+   finalize
+       For running by a compositor on startup.
+
+           uwsm finalize [-h] [VAR_NAME ...]
+
+       Exports WAYLAND_DISPLAY, DISPLAY and any defined vars mentioned by names  in  arguments  or  in
+       UWSM_FINALIZE_VARNAMES variable (whitespace-separated). Then sends startup notification for the
+       unit to systemd user manager.
+
+       This  is required if compositor itself does not put WAYLAND_DISPLAY to systemd activation envi‐
+       ronment, otherwise wayland-session@.service unit or a dedicated wayland-session-waitenv.service
+       unit will terminate due to startup timeout.
+
+       UWSM_FINALIZE_VARNAMES variable can be prefilled by plugins.
+
+       Direct assignment as VAR_NAME=value is also possible, but recommended only for  creating  flags
+       for UWSM_WAIT_VARNAMES mechanism.
+
+   stop
+       Stops compositor and optionally removes generated units.
+
+           uwsm stop [-h] [-r [compositor] [-U {run|home}] [-n]
+
+           -r [compositor]   Also remove units (all or only compositor-specific).
+           -U {run|home}     Select  rung for generated unit files: run: $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/systemd/user
+                             (default), or home: $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/systemd/user. Permanent  destination
+                             will save some time by removing need for reloading systemd. Managed files
+                             from  other rung will be removed. Can be preset with UWSM_UNIT_RUNG envi‐
+                             ronment var.
+           -n                Dry run, do not stop or remove anything.
+
+   app
+       Application-to-unit launcher with Desktop Entry support.
+
+           uwsm app [-h] [-s {a,b,s,custom.slice}] [-t {scope,service}] [-a app_name]  [-u  unit_name]
+           [-d unit_description] [-S ] [-T] -- application [args ...]
+
+           -s {a,b,s,custom.slice}   Slice selector (default: a):
+                                        a - app-graphical.slice
+                                        b - background-graphical.slice
+                                        s - session-graphical.slice
+                                        any slice by full name
+           -t {scope,service}        Type  of  unit  to  launch  (default:  scope,  can  be  preset by
+                                     UWSM_APP_UNIT_TYPE env var).
+           -a app_name               Override app name (a substring in unit name).
+           -u unit_name              Override the whole autogenerated unit name.
+           -d unit_description       Unit Description.
+           -p Property=value         Set additional unit property (option is repeatable).
+           -S {out,err,both}         Silence stdout, stderr, or both.
+           -T                        Launch app in a terminal. Allows command  to  be  empty  to  just
+                                     launch a terminal.
+
+       Application  can  be  provided as a command with optional arguments, or a Desktop Entry ID, op‐
+       tionally suffixed with ":"-delimited Action ID. If Desktop Entry is being  launched,  arguments
+       should be compatible with it.
+
+       Always use "--" to disambiguate dashed arguments intended for application itself.
+
+   aux
+       For use in systemd user services. Can only be called by systemd user manager.
+
+       prepare-env   Prepares  environment  (for  use in ExecStart in wayland-wm-env@.service bound to
+                     wayland-session-pre@.target).
+       cleanup-env   Cleans up environment (for use ExecStop in in  wayland-wm-env@.service  bound  to
+                     wayland-session-pre@.target).
+       exec          Executes a command with arguments or a desktop entry (for use in Exec in wayland-
+                     wm@.service bound to wayland-session@.target).
+       app-daemon    Daemon for faster app argument generation, used by uwsm-app client.
+
+APP DAEMON
+       Provided as wayland-wm-app-daemon.service to be started on-demand.
+
+       Daemon  receives app arguments from ${XDG_RUNTIME_DIR}/uwsm-app-daemon-in pipe. Resulting argu‐
+       ments are formatted as shell code and written to ${XDG_RUNTIME_DIR}/uwsm-app-daemon-out pipe.
+
+       Arguments are expected to be \0-delimited, leading \0 are stripped. One command is received per
+       write+close.
+
+       The first argument determines the behavior:
+
+       •   app  the rest is processed the same as in "uwsm app"
+       •   ping just "pong" is returnedn
+       •   stop daemon is stoppedn
+
+       Single commands are prepended with exec, iterated commands are assembled with trailing &  each,
+       followed by wait.
+
+       The  purpose  of  all this is to skip all the expensive Python startup and import routines that
+       slow things down every time "uwsm app" is called. Instead the daemon does it once and then lis‐
+       tens for requests, while a simple shell script may dump arguments to one pipe and run the  code
+       received from another via eval, which is much faster.
+
+       The simplest script is:
+
+                #!/bin/sh
+                printf '0%s' app "$@" > "${XDG_RUNTIME_DIR}/uwsm-app-daemon-in"
+                IFS='' read -r cmd < "${XDG_RUNTIME_DIR}/uwsm-app-daemon-out"
+                eval "$cmd"
+
+       Provided  uwsm-app  client  script is a bit smarter: it can start the daemon, applies timeouts,
+       and supports newlines in returned args.
+
+SHELL PROFILE INTEGRATION
+       To launch uwsm automatically on login, add one of constructs below (or similar) to  shell  pro‐
+       file.
+
+       This asks to select a compositor (or refuse and continue with login shell) when logged in on VT
+       1:
+
+                if uwsm check may-start && uwsm select; then
+                     exec systemd-cat -t uwsm_start uwsm start default
+                fi
+
+       This just starts a specific compositor depending on foreground VT:
+
+                if uwsm check may-start 1; then
+                     exec systemd-cat -t uwsm_start uwsm start sway.desktop
+                elif uwsm check may-start 2; then
+                     exec systemd-cat -t uwsm_start uwsm start labwc.desktop
+                fi
+
+       Using  "uwsm  check  may-start"  as  a  condition  is essential, not only to prevent accidental
+       startup attempts where they are not expected, but also since startup may involve sourcing shell
+       profile, which might lead to nasty loops.
+
+       See check subcommand section for info on may-start checker.
+
+       exec allows uwsm to replace login shell in order to properly bind to user  session  and  handle
+       session termination.
+
+       "systemd-cat  -t uwsm_start" (optional) executes the command given to it (uwsm) with its stdout
+       and stderr connected to the systemd journal, tagged with identifier "uwsm_start". See  systemd-
+       cat(1) for more options.
+
+USE INSIDE DESKTOP ENTRY
+       To  launch  uwsm from a display/login manager, "uwsm start" can be used inside Desktop Entries.
+       Example /usr/local/share/wayland-sessions/my-compositor.desktop:
+
+                [Desktop Entry]
+                Name=My compositor (with UWSM)
+                Comment=My cool compositor
+                Exec=uwsm start -N "My compositor" -D mycompositor -C "My cool compositor" mywm
+                DesktopNames=mycompositor
+                Type=Application
+
+       Things to keep in mind:
+
+       •   For consistency, command line arguments should mirror the keys of the entry
+       •   Command in Exec= should start with "uwsm start"
+       •   It should not point to itself (as a combination of Desktop Entry ID and Action ID)
+       •   It should not point to a Desktop Entry ID and Action ID that also uses ‘uwsm‘
+
+       Potentially such entries may be found and used by uwsm itself, i.e. in shell  profile  integra‐
+       tion  situation,  or  when  launched manually. Following the principles above ensures uwsm will
+       properly recognize itself and parse requested arguments inside the entry without any  side  ef‐
+       fects.
+
+SEE ALSO
+       uwsm-plugins(3), systemd-run(1), systemd-cat(1), systemd.special(7)
+
+                                              2026-02-14                                       UWSM(1)